WH2 Vocab. Unit 1 (Middle Ages) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in WH2 Vocab. Unit 1 (Middle Ages) Deck (26)
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1
Q

Roman Catholic Church (and 4 factors it took hold)

A

The Roman Catholic Church was the primary unifying force in Western Europe during the Medieval Era.

Once Rome fell, Christians streamed into Rome creating Roman Catholicism. THen, several medieval popes organized the church into acquiring land, money, and political power. Rome emerged as the seat of papacy. Birth of Islam caused religious fervor.

2
Q

Pope

A

The pope ruled over the church from his seat in Rome; also called papacy.

3
Q

Missionaries

A

the church benefited from the work of missionaries. Missionaries helped spread the Gospel or the word of Christ. Converted non-believers

4
Q

Monks

A

the church benefited from the work of monks. Men of monasteries

5
Q

Monasticism

A

Monasticism allowed men and woman (monks and nuns) to withdraw from society and consider their own spirituality in a peaceful manner

6
Q

Feudal System

A

an institution based on land ownership and loyalty that provided structure and organization during the Middle Ages

An exchange between one man and another, land for protection, power for loyalty

Leader of a given kingdom grants land parcels to nobles/lords. Noble/Lord becomes subordinate and pledges his loyalty to the king, along with services and possessions, in exchange for protection.

7
Q

Fief

A

a land parcel granted to someone who pledges his subordinance to the king

8
Q

Vassal

A

what a noble/lord becomes once he is granted a parcel of land

9
Q

Chivalry

A

code of honor; served as glue of the political order

10
Q

Homage

A

once a nobel/lord pledged his loyalty, he went through this solemn ritual pledging fidelity and fealty in order to cement the bond

11
Q

Fealty

A

The insubordinate would swear this in the ceremony of Homage.

12
Q

Manorialism

A

the physical structure of a lords land; existed as its own village. had a church, mill, various industries (banking, cobbling, etc.), homes, farmland

13
Q

Agricultural Revolution (1050 CE)

A

change in the production and distribution of farmed goods. In 1050, a series of technological breakthroughs allowed Europeans to produce food easier and more efficiently.

14
Q

Heavy Plow

A

a machine that allowed for the development of heavy European soil by turning it over and fully aerating it. Less human labor and more speed

15
Q

Three-Field System

A

Crop rotation; one field was to be harvested in the fall, another was to be harvested in the spring, and the last would lie fallow. This system allows for the land to recover itself and ensure better crops

16
Q

Water/Wind Moll

A

used for grinding crops and engaging in the light industry

17
Q

Padded Collar

A

horses could pull farm equipment with greater ease

18
Q

Iron

A

in the Agricultural Revolution of 1050, it allowed for more stable and durable parts in farm equipment

19
Q

Agrarian

A

of or relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land.

20
Q

Tithe

A

was money set aside for a particular charitable purpose, but, being of permanent institution, might revert to those who originally received it.

21
Q

Bubonic Plague/Black Death

A

a disease originally spread between rats and transported through flea bites/blood contact. Combined with the Pneumonic Plague as the leading cause of death in the 14th century.

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22
Q

Pneumonic Plague

A

those who survived the Bubonic Plague became susceptible to this disease; almost always fatal and impacts the lungs directly. Combined with the Bubonic Plague as the leading cause of death in the 14th century.

23
Q

Famine

A

scarcity of food. A cold and rainy harvesting season struck Europe in 1315-17 killing considerable crops. Starving people cannot fight diseases the same way nourished can. Second leading cause of population loss in 14th century.

24
Q

Hundred Years War

A

1337-1453. England and France battled each other over land, trade, and throne succession. Mostly just individual raids.

24
Q

Christendom

A

world wide body or society of Christians. Grew especially rampant during Middle Ages

25
Q

Knights

A

a man who served his lord. “Lesser nobles who fight and do not own land Given land by nobles in exchange for fighting services; also a “vassal”. 3rd highest in social hierarchy