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Bio 103 A & P 1 > Wk 4 Histology > Flashcards

Wk 4 Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

Study of normal structures of tissue

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2
Q

Tissue
( What is it?)

A
  1. A population of different cells related in structure and function.
  2. Has surrounding material extra cellular matrix. (ECM)
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3
Q

Types of tissue
(4 types)

A
  1. Epithelial tissue
  2. Connective tissue
  3. Muscle tissue
  4. Nervous tissue
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4
Q

Epithelia tissue
(5 things about it)

A

° Tightly packed sheets of cells with no visible ECM.
° Covers and lines all body surfaces and cavities.
° Glands that manufacture secretions (sweat and saliva) or chemical messengers (hormones).
° avascular (no blood vessels)
° BM (basement membrane)

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5
Q

Connective tissue
(3 things about it)

A

° Connect tissue to one another.
° ECM ( Extracellular matrix) is visible between cells
° Binds, supports, protects, and transportation of substances.

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6
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contraction

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7
Q

Nervous tissue
(Consist of 2 cells)

A

°Neurons
Make, send, received messages.

°Neuroglia
Supports activities of neurons.

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8
Q

Extracellular matrix
( What is it?)

A

Compose of substances in a liquid, gel, or solid that’s suround cells.

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9
Q

Extracellular matrix
(Function)

A

° Provide tissue with strength to resist tensile (stretching) and compressive forces
° Directs cells to proper positions within tissue and holds those cells in place.
° Regulate development, mitotic activity, and survival of cells.

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10
Q

Extracellular matrix
( Made out of?)

A

Ground substances and protein fibers.

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11
Q

Ground substances

A

° Components: water, nutrients, ion, and macromolecules.

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12
Q

Macromolecules

A

°Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
°Protenoglycans
°Cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs)

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13
Q

Protein Fibers
(3 of them)

A

° Collagen fibers
°Elastic fibers
°Reticular fibers

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14
Q

Collagen fibers

A

°white
°fibrous
°resistant to tension

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15
Q

Elastic fibers

A

°Yellow
° Protein elastin surrounded by glycoproteins.
° Exhibits elasticity

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16
Q

Reticular fibers

A

°weblike
° Meshwork or scaffold that supports cells and ground substance of tissue.

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17
Q

Epithelial Tissue
(5 Functions)

A
  1. Protection
  2. Immune defense
  3. Secretion
  4. Transport into other tissues
  5. Sensation
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18
Q

Epithelial Tissue:
Protection

A

Shield underlying tissues from mechenical and thermal injury

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19
Q

Epithelial Tissue:
Immune defense

A

form physical barriers; contain cells of immune system

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20
Q

Epithelial Tissue:
Secretion

A

produce /push out hormones and
oils

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21
Q

Epithelial Tissue:
Transportation into other tissue.

A

form selectively permeable membranes ( Absorbs and takes it somewhere else)

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22
Q

Epithelial Tissue:
Sensation

A

detects changes in internal and external environments
Ex. Taste buds specialize sensory epithelial cells

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23
Q

4 types of simple epithelial tissue

A

°Simple Squamous
°Simple Cuboidal
°Simple Columnar
°Pseudostartified ciliated columnar

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24
Q

Simple Squamous

A

One layer of flat cells adapted for rapidly diffusion of substances
Found in lungs

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25
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

One layer of cubed shaped cells that absorb and secreation
Found in kidneys

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26
Q

Simple Columnar

A

Single layer of rectangular shaped cells may have microvilli or cilia
Found in the villi of the small intestine

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27
Q

Pseudostartified ciliated columnar epithelial (PSCCE)

A

Appears layered but isn’t is one layer thick and ciliated
Found in trachea

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28
Q

Stratified Epithelial Tissue
(4 types)

A
  1. Stratified Squamous
  2. Stratified cubodial
  3. Stratified columnar
  4. Stratified transitional
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29
Q

Stratified Squamous
(2 types)

A

°Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelial
°Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelial

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30
Q

Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelial

A

° Outer cellular layers are dead.
° lack nuclei
° Filled with protein keratin
° Outer layers of skin (epidermis)

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31
Q

Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelial

A

° apical cellular layers retain nuclei; still alive
° Wet mucus membrane (digestive system)

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32
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelial

A

° Rare in humans.
° Lines ducts of sweat glands

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33
Q

Stratified Columnar Epithelial

A

° Relatively rare in humans.
° Found in male urethra, cornea of eye, ducks of salivary glands.

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34
Q

Transitional Epithelial

A

° Only found in urinary system (uterus, urinary bladder, urethra)
° Can expand and flatten

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35
Q

Gland
(There are 2)

A

Specialize cells that produce secretions.
Endocrine and Exocrine

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36
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream (ductless)
Single cells to multicellular glands with branching
Ex. Thyroid, pituitary, ovary

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37
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Have ducts
Secretions have only local effects on cells in the general vicinity.

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38
Q

Exocrine glands
Unicellular (goblet cells = mucus)

A

Digestive and respiratory tracks.
Protect underline epithelia.

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39
Q

Exocrine glands
Multicellular

A

Sweat glands and Salivary glands.

40
Q

Exocrine glands secretions
(2 of them)

A

Merocrine secretion
Holocrine secretion

41
Q

Exocrine glands secretions
Merocrine secretion

A

Fluid product in vesicles
Salivary and sweat glands

42
Q

Exocrine glands secretions
Holocrine secretion

A

Entire cells release
Sebaceous gland

43
Q

Connective tissue
(4 types of tissue)

A

°Loose connective tissue
°Dense (regular & irregular connective tissue
°Reticular connective tissue
°Adipose connective tissues

44
Q

Specialized connective tissue
(3 of them)

A

°Cartilage
°Bone
°Blood

45
Q

Connective tissue function

A

°Connect and bind
°Protect
°Support
°Transport

46
Q

Connective tissue function:
Connect and Bind

A

Anchor tissue layers and organs together

47
Q

Connective tissue:
Protect

A

°Bone tissue protect organs
°Cartilage and fat (shock absorption)
°Components of immune system

48
Q

Connective tissue: support

A

Bone and cartilage support body weight

49
Q

Connective tissue:
Transportation

A

Blood main transport medium body

50
Q

Connective tissue: Characteristics

A

°cells are surrounded by protein fibers and embedded in ground substances
°ECM (extracellular matrix)
°vascular

51
Q

Connective tissue cells
(4 of them)

A

°Fibroblasts
°Adipose
°Mast cells
°Phagocytes

52
Q

Connective tissue: Fibroblasts

A

Produce fibers (collagen, elastic)

53
Q

Connective tissue: Adipose
(What is it used for?)

A

Fat cells are used for protection, cushion, insulation,

54
Q

Connective tissue: Mast cells

A

Produce histamine that caused inflammation

55
Q

Connective tissue: Phagocytes

A

Include macrophage that ingest foreign invaders

56
Q

Loose connective tissue
Properties

A

°areolar tissue
°location beneath epithelial of skin, members of body cavities, walls of hollow organs
°ground substance, fibers, fibroblasts, adipocytes

57
Q

Dense connective tissue
(3 types of fibrous connective tissue)

A

°Dense irregular connective tissue
°Dense regular connective tissue
°Dense regular elastic CT(elastic tissue)

58
Q

Dense connective tissue:
Dense irregular connective tissue

A

°mostly disorganized collagen bundles
°located in dermis, surround organs and joints

59
Q

Dense connective tissue:
Dense regular connective tissue

A

°Organized into parallel collagen bundles
°Located in tendon and ligaments

60
Q

Dense connective tissue:
Dense regular elastic CT(elastic tissue)

A

°Mostly parallel-oriented elastic fibers with some collagen fibers
°Found in walls of organs that need to stretch, large blood vessels, and ligaments

61
Q

Connective tissue:
Reticular tissue

A

°Composed mostly of reticular fibers produced by fibroblasts (Reticular cells)
°Form fine networks that support vessels
°Also found in lymnph nodes and spleen
°Forms part of B.M. that supports epithelia
°internal structure of liver and bone marrow

62
Q

Specialized connective tissues
(3 of them)

A

°Cartilage
°Bone tissue
(osseous tissue)
°Blood

63
Q

Specialized connective tissues:
Cartilage (where is it found?)

A

found in joints, ear, nose, and part respiratory track

64
Q

Specialized connective tissues:
Bone tissue
(osseous tissue)

A

°Supports and protects
°Muscle attachments; stores calcium, and bone marrow (produces blood cells and stores fat)

65
Q

Specialized connective tissues:
Blood properties

A

°ECM is fluid = plasma
°Plasma proteins
°consists of mostly water, dissolved solutes, and proteins

66
Q

Cartilage
(4 properties)

A

°Rigid matrix
°Chondroblasts - immature cells that divide by mitosis -> ECM
°Chondrocytes in lacunae
°Mostly avascular

67
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

68
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

°most abundant
°ends of long bone, trachea, nose, fetal skeleton

69
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

°great tensile (streching) strength
°intervertebral discs, menisci of knee, symphysis pubis

70
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

°flexiable
°external ear, auditory tube, epiglottis

71
Q

Bone (osseous)
(5 Properties)

A

°Hard matrix
°Supports and protects
°Hemopoiesis
°Skeleton
°Osteoblasts, osteocytes in lacunae, osteoclasts

72
Q

Blood
(3 Type of cells)

A

°Erythrocytes
°Leukocytes
°Thrombocytes

73
Q

Blood:
Plasma proteins

A

small and involved in transport & blood clotting

74
Q

Blood:
Erythrocytes

A

°red bload cells
°transport oxygen

75
Q

Blood:
Leukocytes

A

° White blood cells
°function in immunity

76
Q

Blood:
Thrombocytes

A

°platelets cell fragments
°major role blood clotting

77
Q

Muscle tissues
(2 Properties)

A

°specialized for contractions
(use ATP as energy source)
°Movement of skeleton, heart beating, and propulsion of substances through hollow

78
Q

Muscle cell or myocyte;

A

Excitable (ability to respond to electrical or chemical stimulation)

79
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

°Skeletal muscle
°Cardiac muscle
°Smooth muscle

80
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

°Cylinder shape
°Attached to bone
°Multi nucleus cell
°Striated (Striped)
°Voluntary

81
Q

Cardiac (muscle)

A

°Heart
°Branching shape
°Striated (Striped)
°Uni nucleus cell
°Involuntary
°Intercalated discs

82
Q

Smooth (muscle)

A

°Walls of hollow organs, blood vessels
°Non-striated (not striped)
°Spindle shape
°Uni nucleus
°Involuntary

83
Q

Nervous tissue
Location:

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves

84
Q

Nervous tissue
Cell type:

A

Neurons
Neuroglial cells

85
Q

Neurons

A

Capable of making, sending and receiving messages.

86
Q

Neuroglial cells

A

°Provide support of neurons’ activities
°Do not conduct nerve impulses
°wraps around the neurons.

87
Q

Membranes

A

Thin sheets of tissue that line a body surface or cavity.

88
Q

Membrane
(4 types)

A

°Serous membrane
°Synovial membrane
°Mucous
°Cutaneous

89
Q

Serous membrane

A

Line pericardial, peritoneal and pleural cavities (mesothelium)

90
Q

Synovial membrane

A

°Most movement
°Composed of CT
°Line joints

91
Q

Mucous

A

°Line tube/organs that connect to outside of body.
°Nasal and oral cavities.
°Secrete mucus

92
Q

Cutaneous is also known as?

A

Skin

93
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscles to bone

94
Q

Ligaments

A

Connects bone to bone

95
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

Production of red blood cells and platelets in bone marrow

Bio 103 A & P 1 (12 decks)

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