WK 9 L1 treatment of psychological disorders

Question 1

Clinical psychology

Answer 1

delivery of psychological services, generally related to mental health

Question 2

Scientist practitioner model

Answer 2

underlies the training of psychologists in nz- 1) evidence supported treatment, 2) hypothesis testing clients

Question 3

4 ethical principles of psychologists

Answer 3

1. respect for the dignity of persons and people, 2. responsible caring, integrity of relationships, 4. social justice and responsibility to society

Question 4

Psychological treatment approaches

Answer 4

psychodynamic, humanistic and biological therapies- CBT

Question 5

Psychodynamic approach

Answer 5

created by Sigmund freud 19th can Vienna- mental symptoms reflect unconscious conflicts that include anxiety and the goal of therapy is to gain insight into these conflicts

Question 6

Psychodynamic techniques

Answer 6

free association, interpretation, analysis of transference

Question 7

Free association

Answer 7

patient is encouraged to say whatever come to mind, in order to reveal the unconscious processes of the patient

Question 8

interpretation

Answer 8

therapist interprets the thoughts and feelings of the patient in order to reveal the hidden conflicts and motivations

Question 9

Analysis of transference

Answer 9

patients bring into therapy, their past troubled reels- these are transferred onto the therapist

Question 10

2 main forms of psychodynamic therapy

Answer 10

psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy

Question 11

psychoanalysis

Answer 11

patient lies on couch with therapist seated behind them- patients are encouraged to free associate

Question 12

psychodynamic psychotherapy

Answer 12

patient and therapist are face to face, techniques used are more goal directed than those used in psychoanalysis

Question 13

Humanistic therapy

Answer 13

focus on the way in which individuals consciously experience the self, relationships and the world- e.g gestalt therapy and client centred therapy

Question 14

Gestalt therapy

Answer 14

fritz and Laura perlt 1940 US- focus on here and now rather than past- goal is integration of the whole mind and body, living with awareness and taking responsibility for actions

Question 15

Client-centred therapy

Answer 15

carl rogers 1960s US- helps clients accept the difference between their ideal self and their actual experiences through the use of unconditional positive regard

Question 16

Group therapy

Answer 16

participants explore their own issues in the context of group processes 5-10

Question 17

Family therapy

Answer 17

aim is to change maladaptive family interaction patterns

Question 18

Genograms

Answer 18

assessment technique used to map family dynamics over 3 or 4 generations

Question 19

Structural family therapy

Answer 19

aims to disrupt dysfunctional patterns, may involve paradoxical instructions- attends to boundaries and alliances

Question 20

Behavioural family therapy

Answer 20

functional analysis of problem behaviours

Question 21

DBT family skills

Answer 21

validation, dialectics and behaviour change

Question 22

Couples therapy

Answer 22

focuses on smaller unit of the family

Question 23

Gottman method

Answer 23

increasing positive interactions- emotion focused couples therapy

Question 24

Cognitive behaviour therapies

Answer 24

use methods derived from behaviourist and cognitive approaches to learning- therapists are more directive

Question 25

Classical conditioning techniques

Answer 25

focus on associations formed between neutral stimuli and emotions

Question 26

Response prevention

Answer 26

key feature of exposure techniques- preventing individual from producing responses that allow avoidance of the feared stimulus

Question 27

Systematic desensitisation

Answer 27

patient gradually confronts an imagined fear inducing stimulus while in a state that inhibits anxiety

Question 28

flooding

Answer 28

confront phobic stimulus all at once

Question 29

graded exposure

Answer 29

modification to flooding- where patient is gradually exposed to phobic stimulation

Question 30

Virtual reality

Answer 30

patient exposed to virtual images of the feared stimulus

Question 31

Operant conditioning

Answer 31

assume that behaviour continues because it is reinforced in some way by consequences

Question 32

Modelling

Answer 32

learning appropriate behavioural responses through the observations of others

Question 33

skills training

Answer 33

teaching the behaviours nessecary to accomplish relevant goals

Question 34

mindfulness practices

Answer 34

involve directing attention to present moment with acceptance and no judgement

Question 35

Acceptance and commitment vtherapy

Answer 35

focuses on changing reel's with thoughts and encouraging people to behave in ways that align with their values

Question 36

Cognitive therapy

Answer 36

focus is on changing dysfunctional thought patterns (automatic thoughts)

Question 37

Ellis rational emotive therapy

Answer 37

focuses on the irrational thought patterns of the patients ( rational thinking is the key to eliminating symptoms)

Question 38

Beck cognitive therapy

Answer 38

focuses on challenging patients cognitive distortions- evaluating the evidence for the thoughts, identifying more balanced thoughts resulting in change in emotions and behaviour

Question 39

Biological treatments

Answer 39

arise from the view that psych disorders reflect pathology of the brain- bio treatments are though to restore normal brain functioning

Question 40

example of bio treatments

Answer 40

pharmacotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, psychosurgery

Question 41

Psychotropic meds

Answer 41

drugs that act on the brain to alter mental functions

Question 42

Antipsychotic meds

Answer 42

inhibit dopamine which has been implicated in the positive symptoms of schizo

Question 43

side effect of antipsychotic meds

Answer 43

Tardive dyskinesia- involuntary movements

Question 44

Antidepressant meds

Answer 44

reduce depression by correcting for the depletion of norepinephrine and serotonin in the synapses

Question 45

Tryclic antidepressants

Answer 45

block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

Question 46

Monamine oxidase inhibitors

Answer 46

allow the neurotransmitter to work for longer periods

Question 47

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Answer 47

block the reuptake of seronin

Question 48

Anti-anxiety meds

Answer 48

Benzodiazepines e.g valium, Xanax and diazepam

Question 49

Benzodiazepines

Answer 49

increase activity of the neurotransmitter GABA to dampen the neural activity of the brain

Question 50

Electroconvulsive therapy

Answer 50

intentional induction of a brain seizure by shock, administered to either or both hemispheres

Question 51

side effects of electroconvulsive therapy

Answer 51

memory loss

Question 52

Psychosurgery

Answer 52

intentional damage of the brain to alter behaviour

Question 53

Pharamacotherapy cons

Answer 53

high relapse rates, pills don't build skills

Question 54

Psychotherapy- the efficacy of specific therapy

Answer 54

people who enter psychotherapy do better than those who don't

Question 55

Efficacy studies

Answer 55

assess treatment outcomes under controlled experimental conditions

Question 56

effectiveness studies

Answer 56

assess treatments as practiced by clinicians

Question 57

Psychotherapy integration

Answer 57

most psychs use elements from multiple therapy orientations

Question 58

Eclectic psychotherapy

Answer 58

where clinicians combine techniques from diff approaches to fit the particular client

Question 59

Integrative psychotherapy

Answer 59

where clinicians choose elements from diff approaches to develop their own unique approach to treatment