WK4 L1 Personality

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

refers to enduring patterns of thought, feeling, behaviour and motivation that are expressed in different circumstances

Question 2

Freuds drive model

Answer 2

suggests that human behaviour os motivated by 2 drives- sex and aggression

Question 3

Freuds developmental model- psychosexual stages

Answer 3

libido follows a developmental course during childhood- oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital

Question 4

Defence mechanisms

Answer 4

unconscious mental processes that protect a conscious person from unpleasant emotions

Question 5

Different defence mechanisms

Answer 5

Repression, denial, projection, reaction formation, sublimation, rationalisation, displacement and regression and passive aggression

Question 6

Displacement

Answer 6

persons direct their emotions away from the real target to a substitute

Question 7

Regression

Answer 7

person reverts back to an earlier stage of psychosexual development

Question 8

passive aggression

Answer 8

an indirect expression of anger towards others

Question 9

Sublimation

Answer 9

persons convert an unacceptable impulse into a socially acceptable activity

Question 10

Rationalisation

Answer 10

person explains away actions to reduce anxiety

Question 11

Repression

Answer 11

anxiety evoking thoughts are kept unconscious

Question 12

Denial

Answer 12

person refuses to recognise reality

Question 13

projection

Answer 13

attribution of own unacceptable impulses to others

Question 14

Reaction formation

Answer 14

person converts an unacceptable impulse into the opposite impulse

Question 15

Freuds structural model of personality

Answer 15

conflict seen as being between 3 forces

Question 16

ID

Answer 16

driven by what it wants-Reservoir of sexual aggression energy, unconscious driven by impulses

Question 17

Superego

Answer 17

trying to parent ID- Counterbalance to ID, source of conscience and ideals

Question 18

Ego

Answer 18

Must balance ID and superego, obeys reality principle

Question 19

Analytical psych- carl jung

Answer 19

focus on relationship between the unconscious and the conscious, incorporating what is happening in everyday life

Question 20

Personality types

Answer 20

introverted and extroverted

Question 21

Life history methods

Answer 21

understand the person in context of their life experiences

Question 22

Projective tests

Answer 22

inkblot and TAT

Question 23

Contributions of psychodynamic theory

Answer 23

emphasis on unconscious processes, importance of childhood experiences in shaping adult personality

Question 24

Limitations of psychodynamic theory

Answer 24

not based on scientific observation, emphasis on drives, gender bias, believe impossible to change persona

Question 25

Cognitive social theories

Answer 25

whether people carry out an action depends on expectancies and competencies

Question 26

Behaviour-outcome expectancies

Answer 26

belief that behaviour will lead to an outcome

Question 27

self-efficacy expectancies

Answer 27

belief that the person can perform the behaviour

Question 28

Competencies

Answer 28

skills used for problem solving

Question 29

self-regulation

Answer 29

setting goals, evaluating performance and responding to feedback

Question 30

contributions of cognitive social theory

Answer 30

provided emphasis on the role of thought and memory in personality

Question 31

Limitations of cognitive social theory

Answer 31

overemphasis on rational side of personality, avoidance of explanations of unconscious processes in personality

Question 32

Trait

Answer 32

refers to emotional, cognitive and behavioural tendencies that constitute underlying personality dimensions on which individuals can vary

Question 33

Trait theories of personality

Answer 33

eysencks theory and the big 5

Question 34

Big 5

Answer 34

openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extroversion and neuroticism

Question 35

Contributions to trait theories

Answer 35

can be empirically measured, assume individual differences

Question 36

Limitations to trait theories

Answer 36

depend on self-report, do not explain why traits emerge, may have different cultural meanings

Question 37

Person-centred approach

Answer 37

carl rogers- true self, false self and ideal self- people are good by nature but personality becomes distorted by interpersonal experiences

Question 38

Existentialism

Answer 38

people have no fixed nature and must create themselves

Question 39

Existential dread

Answer 39

ultimately we all face death of ourselves and our loved ones

Question 40

Contributions of humanistic theory

Answer 40

focus on how humans strive to determine the meaning of life

Question 41

Limitations of humanistic theory

Answer 41

not a complete theoretical account of personality, not generated a body of testable research

Question 42

Heritability

Answer 42

refers to the proportion of variance in a particular trait that is due to genetic influences

Question 43

Culture pattern approach

Answer 43

see’s culture as an organised set of beliefs, rituals and institutions that shape individuals to fit it’s patterns

Question 44

Interactionist approaches

Answer 44

suggest that personality, economics and culture mutually influence one another- mallows hierarchy of needs