WK4 L1 Personality Flashcards

(44 cards)

1
Q

personality

A

refers to enduring patterns of thought, feeling, behaviour and motivation that are expressed in different circumstances

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2
Q

Freuds drive model

A

suggests that human behaviour os motivated by 2 drives- sex and aggression

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3
Q

Freuds developmental model- psychosexual stages

A

libido follows a developmental course during childhood- oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital

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4
Q

Defence mechanisms

A

unconscious mental processes that protect a conscious person from unpleasant emotions

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5
Q

Different defence mechanisms

A

Repression, denial, projection, reaction formation, sublimation, rationalisation, displacement and regression and passive aggression

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6
Q

Displacement

A

persons direct their emotions away from the real target to a substitute

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7
Q

Regression

A

person reverts back to an earlier stage of psychosexual development

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8
Q

passive aggression

A

an indirect expression of anger towards others

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9
Q

Sublimation

A

persons convert an unacceptable impulse into a socially acceptable activity

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10
Q

Rationalisation

A

person explains away actions to reduce anxiety

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11
Q

Repression

A

anxiety evoking thoughts are kept unconscious

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12
Q

Denial

A

person refuses to recognise reality

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13
Q

projection

A

attribution of own unacceptable impulses to others

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14
Q

Reaction formation

A

person converts an unacceptable impulse into the opposite impulse

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15
Q

Freuds structural model of personality

A

conflict seen as being between 3 forces

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16
Q

ID

A

driven by what it wants-Reservoir of sexual aggression energy, unconscious driven by impulses

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17
Q

Superego

A

trying to parent ID- Counterbalance to ID, source of conscience and ideals

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18
Q

Ego

A

Must balance ID and superego, obeys reality principle

19
Q

Analytical psych- carl jung

A

focus on relationship between the unconscious and the conscious, incorporating what is happening in everyday life

20
Q

Personality types

A

introverted and extroverted

21
Q

Life history methods

A

understand the person in context of their life experiences

22
Q

Projective tests

A

inkblot and TAT

23
Q

Contributions of psychodynamic theory

A

emphasis on unconscious processes, importance of childhood experiences in shaping adult personality

24
Q

Limitations of psychodynamic theory

A

not based on scientific observation, emphasis on drives, gender bias, believe impossible to change persona

25
Cognitive social theories
whether people carry out an action depends on expectancies and competencies
26
Behaviour-outcome expectancies
belief that behaviour will lead to an outcome
27
self-efficacy expectancies
belief that the person can perform the behaviour
28
Competencies
skills used for problem solving
29
self-regulation
setting goals, evaluating performance and responding to feedback
30
contributions of cognitive social theory
provided emphasis on the role of thought and memory in personality
31
Limitations of cognitive social theory
overemphasis on rational side of personality, avoidance of explanations of unconscious processes in personality
32
Trait
refers to emotional, cognitive and behavioural tendencies that constitute underlying personality dimensions on which individuals can vary
33
Trait theories of personality
eysencks theory and the big 5
34
Big 5
openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extroversion and neuroticism
35
Contributions to trait theories
can be empirically measured, assume individual differences
36
Limitations to trait theories
depend on self-report, do not explain why traits emerge, may have different cultural meanings
37
Person-centred approach
carl rogers- true self, false self and ideal self- people are good by nature but personality becomes distorted by interpersonal experiences
38
Existentialism
people have no fixed nature and must create themselves
39
Existential dread
ultimately we all face death of ourselves and our loved ones
40
Contributions of humanistic theory
focus on how humans strive to determine the meaning of life
41
Limitations of humanistic theory
not a complete theoretical account of personality, not generated a body of testable research
42
Heritability
refers to the proportion of variance in a particular trait that is due to genetic influences
43
Culture pattern approach
see's culture as an organised set of beliefs, rituals and institutions that shape individuals to fit it's patterns
44
Interactionist approaches
suggest that personality, economics and culture mutually influence one another- mallows hierarchy of needs