Chapter 17 Attitudes and social cognition Flashcards
(81 cards)
Attitude
an association between an act or object and an evaluation
Attitude strength
the durability and impact of an attitude on behaviour- influenced by attitude importance and attitude accessibility
Attitude importance
the personal relevance of an attitude and the psychological significance of that attitude for an individual
Attitude accessibility
the ease with which an attitude is activated or comes to mind
Persuasion
deliberate efforts to change an attitude
Central route
method of persuasion that involves inducing the recipient of a message to think carefully and weigh the arguments
Peripheral route
a method of persuasion that appeals less to rational and thoughtful processes than to automatic or emotional ones
Elaboration likelihood model
the model of persuasion that proposes that knowing how to appeal to a person requires figuring out the likelihood that he/she will think much about the arguments
First impressions
can have an important influence on subsequent info processing
Cognitive dissonance
occurs when a person experiences a discrepancy between an attitude an a behaviour or between an attitude and a new piece of info
Conservation psychology
involves studying the reciprocal relationships between human and nature with a focus on changing attitudes and behaviours to encourage conservation of the environment
Stereotypes
characteristics attributed to people based on their membership of groups
Social cognition
refers to the processes by which people make sense of themselves, others and social relationships
Identity
sense of who we are, influenced by social cognitions e.hg environment and role we play in life
Attribution
process of inferring the causes of one own and others behaviours and mental states
Racism
prejudicial attitudes towards members of a particular ethnic group on the belief that ones race is superior
Self-handicapping
a process by which people set themselves up to fail when success is uncertain to preserve their self-esteem
Prejudice
judging people based on negative stereotypes
Discrimination
behaviours that follow from negative attitudes towards particular group members
Self-consistency
motive to interpret info that fits the way one already see’s oneself
Self-esteem
the degree to which a person likes or respects themselves
Self-representation
mental models or representations of the self
Self
the person including, mental processes, body and personality characteristics
Biases in social info processing
fundamental attribution error, self-serving bias