Word List 01 Flashcards

(100 cards)

1
Q

divulge

  • Journalists do not divulge their sources.
A

v. to make known (something private or secret)

فاش کردن، افشاء کردن، بروزدادن

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2
Q

inadvertent

  • Viruses can be spread inadvertently by email users.
A

adj. marked by or resulting from carelessness; negligent - سهو، غیر عمدی
SYN accidentally OPP deliberately

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3
Q

panegyric

  • She delivered a panegyric on the president-elect.
A

n. a formal eulogistic composition intended as a public compliment - ستایش آمیز، مدیحه، ستایش

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4
Q

draconian

  • draconian measures to control population growth
A

adj. exceedingly harsh or very severe / very strict and cruel - مربوط به دراکو مقنن سختگیراتن، قوانین حقوقی سخت وبی رحمانه، اژدهایی

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5
Q

hodgepodge

  • It was a hodgepodge of theories.
A

n. a mixture of different things - همه چیز درهم، چیزدرهم و بر هم

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6
Q

incontrovertible

  • CCTV provided incontrovertible evidence that he was at the scene of the crime.
A

adj. impossible to dispute SYN indisputable - غیر قابل بحث، بدون مناقشه، بی چون و چرا، بدون مباحثه مسلم
OPP controvert v. رد کردن، هم ستیز کردن، مخالفت کردن، منکر شدن

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7
Q

impartial

  • We offer impartial advice on tax and insurance.
A

adj. not partial or biased - بی طرف، بیغرض، راست بین عادل، منصفانه
SYN fair OPP biased

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8
Q

endemic

  • Malaria is endemic in many of the hotter regions of the world.
A

adj. prevalent in or limited to a particular locality, region, or people - مختص یک دیار، بومی بیماری همه گیربومی مخصوص اب و هوای یک شهر یا یک کشور

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9
Q

minuscule

  • All she gave him to eat was two minuscule pieces of toast.
A

adj. very small and tiny SYN minute, diminutive

کوچک، خرد، حرف کوچک

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10
Q

lucrative

  • He inherited a lucrative business from his father.
A

adj. producing wealth SYN profitable

سودمند، پرمنفعت، نافع، موفق

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11
Q

compensate

  • Victims of the crash will be compensated for their injuries.
A
  1. v. to offset an error, defect, or undesired effect
  2. v. to serve as or provide a substitute or counter balance
    تاوان دادن، پاداش دادن عوض دادن، جبران کردن
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12
Q

discursive

  • a long, discursive article
A

adj. moving from topic to topic without order; rambling - سرگردان
adj. marked by analytical reasoning - استدلالی، برهانی،

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13
Q

presuppose

  • The idea of heaven presupposes the existence of God.
A

v. to suppose beforehand SYN assume
v. to require as an antecedent in logic or fact
پیش پنداشتن، از پیش فرض کردن، در بر داشتن، متضمن بودن

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14
Q

intermediary

  • Jackson acted as an intermediary between the two parties.
A

n. / adj. acting as a mediator

میانجی، وساطت کننده مداخله کننده، وساطت مداخله

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15
Q

derogate from something

  • Louis XIV clearly thought it derogated from his dignity as a ruler.
A

v. to cause to seem inferior
v. to make something seem less important or less good
باطل کردن، فسخ کردن (قسمتی از چیزی را)، کسرکردن، تخفیف دادن، کاستن عمل موهن انجام دادن

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16
Q

overbearing

  • an overbearing father
A

adj. often trying to control the behavior of other people in an annoying or unwanted way SYN domineering (سلطه جو)
مغرور، از خود راضی، منکوب گر، طاقت فرسا، غالب، قاطع، سلطه جو

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17
Q

zealous

  • a zealous supporter of the government’s policies
  • No one was more zealous than Neil in supporting the proposal.
A

adj. marked by fervent partisanship for a person, a cause, or an ideal
enthusiastic and eager

be zealous in (doing) something

enthusiastic and eager

فدایی، مجاهد، غیور، باغیرت هواخواه
SYN impassioned, fervent, fiery

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18
Q

extraneous

  • These questions are extraneous to the issue being discussed.
A

adj. not important SYN irrelevant - غیر اصلی، تصادفی، فرعی

adj. coming from the outside - خارجی، خارج از قلمرو چیزی،

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19
Q

rehash

  • His new book is just a rehash of his previous ones.
A

v. to use the same ideas again in a new form that is not really different or better – used to show disapproval - بحث های قدیمی را دوباره بصورت جدیدی مطرح کردن، تکرار مکررات چیز تکراری

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20
Q

perfunctory

  • She gave him a perfunctory smile.
A

adj. acting with indifference, showing little interest or care SYN cursory, casual - باری بهر جهت، سرسری، بی مبالات

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21
Q

compound

  • Then there was his manner, a curious compound of humour and severity.
A

v. to form by combining separate things - ترکیب کردن، آمیختن
v. to make worse

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22
Q

envy

  • She has a lifestyle which most people would envy.
A

v. to feel a desire to have what someone else has SYN covet

رشک، حسد، حسادت، حسدبردن به، غبطه خوردن

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23
Q

defensive

  • These are purely defensive weapons, not designed for attack.
A

adj. in a situation which you are forced to defend or protect someone or something OPP offensive
پدافندی، دفاعی، تدافی، حالت تدافع، مقام تدافع

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24
Q

unbounded

  • the child’s unbounded energy
A

adj. not limited in any way SYN boundless

بیکران

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25
specious - a specious argument/claim
adj. seeming to be right or true, but really wrong or false SYN misleading خوش منظروبدنهاد، دارای ظاهر زیبا وفریبنده، ظاهراصحیح،
26
aimless - She said that her life seemed aimless after her children left home.
adj. not having a goal or purpose | بی مقصد، بی مرام، بی اراده ، بی هدف
27
ingenuous It has to be said it was rather ingenuous of him to ask a complete stranger to take care of his luggage.
adj. having or showing the innocence, trust, and honesty that young people often have صاف و ساده، بی تزویر، رک گو، اصیل
28
intrinsic - Maths is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum.
adj. belonging to the essential nature of a thing OPP extrinsic intrinsic nature/quality/value/property of something ذاتی، اصلی، باطنی، طبیعی ذهنی، روحی، حقیقی، مرتب شایسته
29
inevitable - The accident was the inevitable consequence/result/outcome of carelessness.
adj. sure to happen SYN unavoidable, | نا چار، نا گزیر، اجتناب ناپذیر، چاره نا پذیر، غیر قابل امتناع، حتما، حتمی الوقوع، بدیهی
30
intransigent - an intransigent attitude - Unions claim that the management continues to maintain an intransigent position.
adj. completely unwilling to change SYN stubborn, resolute, obduracy سخت گیر، سر سخت
31
detached - As a writer, he took the role of a detached observer of life.
adj. not influenced by emotions or personal interest A detached person does not show any emotional involvement or interest in a situation -------- adj. not joined or connected OPP involved
32
inveterate - I never trust anything he says - the man's an inveterate liar.
adj. firmly and long established; deep-rooted دیرنه، ریشه کرده، معتاد، سرسخت، کینه آمیز adj. persisting in an ingrained habit; habitual inveterate liar/smoker/womanizer etc: someone who lies a lot, smokes a lot etc and cannot stop
33
backhanded - Her backhanded compliments annoyed everyone.
adj. oblique or indirect طعنه آمیز adj. having derogatory or insulting implications a backhanded remark or compliment seems to express praise or admiration but in fact is insulting
34
affable - She was quite affable at the meeting.
adj. friendly and easy to talk to SYN pleasant, easygoing, cordial, genteel دوست داشتنی
35
whimsy - The film combines whimsy and tragedy in equal measure.
n. a way of thinking, behaving, or doing something that is unusual, strange, and often amusing بوالهوسی، هوس، تلون مزاج، وسواس، دمدمی
36
tenacious - a tenacious religious tradition that is still practised in Shinto temples
adj. not easily letting go or giving up adj. very determined to do something سرسخت، محکم، چسبنده سفت، مستحکم، استوار adj. continuing for a long time
37
sardonic - a sardonic smile/look/comment
adj. scornfully or cynically mocking adj. humorous in an unkind way that shows you do not respect someone or something: طعنه آمیز، کنایه آمیز، وابسته به زهر خنده
38
skullduggery - a firm that investigates commercial skulduggery
n. secret or dishonest behavior or activity | رفتار زیرجلکی وخائنانه، تقلب
39
legitimate - Their business operations are perfectly legitimate. - That’s a perfectly legitimate question.
adj. being in compliance with the law - قانونی adj. valid or justifiable v. to make (something) real, accepted, or official or to show that (something) is fair or reasonable حلال زاده، درست، بر حق قانونی، مشروع، قانونی
40
plagiarize - The book contains numerous plagiarized passages.
v. to reproduce or otherwise use as one’s own | (plagiarist) آثار ادبی دیگران را سرقت کردن
41
disavow - He disavowed his earlier confession to the police. - She tried to disavow her past.
v. to say that you are not responsible for | انکار، رد، نفی، رد کردن
42
deplete - Salmon populations have been severely depleted. - The illness depletes the body of important vitamins.
v. to use most or all of | تهی کردن، خالی کردن، به ته رسانیدن
43
ridicule - She was treated with scorn and ridicule by her colleagues when she applied for the job.
v. to laugh at and make jokes about | ریشخند، تمسخر کردن، دست انداختن
44
undermine - Criticism just undermines their confidence. - The constant criticism was beginning to undermine her confidence.
v. to make (someone or something) weaker or less effective undermine somebody’s confidence/authority/position/credibility etc تضعیف کردن ، تحلیل بردن
45
self-serving - Politicians are seen as corrupt and self-serving.
adj. showing that you will only do something if it will gain you an advantage – used to show disapproval خودخواه
46
perishable - perishable goods such as butter, milk, fruit and fish
adj. likely to spoil or decay quickly used to describe products, especially food, that decay quickly: نابود شدنی، هلاک شدنی، زودگذر، کالای فاسد شونده
47
capricious - She was as capricious as her mother had been.
adj. changing mood or behaviour suddenly and unexpectedly | هوسباز، دمدمی مزاج، بوالهوس
48
egotism - Finding herself world-famous by the time she was 18 only encouraged the actress's egotism.
the belief that you are much better or more important than other people خودپرستی، منت، خودستانی خود بینی، خودپسندی
49
unqualified - He gave her his unqualified support. - He was unqualified for the job.
adj. used for emphasizing that a quality is complete and total/ adj. complete or total فاقد شرایط لازم، فاقد صلاحیت، بی حد و حصر، نامحدود، کامل adj. not having the skills, knowledge, or experience needed to do a particular job or activity
50
magisterial - his magisterial voice
adj. authoritative/ having or seeming to have complete authority آمرانه، دیکتاتوروار، مطلق، دارای اختیار
51
chauvinistic - The crowd was enthusiastically singing chauvinistic patriotic songs. - a chauvinistic dislike of foreigners
adj. having the belief that your own country or race is better or more important than any other متعصب
52
sleek - Who owns that sleek black car parked outside your house? - The cat had sleek fur.
adj. straight and smooth in design or shape نرم، براق، صیقلی، صاف شفاف، چرب و نرم، صیقلی کردن، صاف کردن، جذاب adj. stylish and attractive
53
astringent - astringent criticism - astringent remarks
adj. very critical in a sharp and often clever way بسیار انتقادی به روشی تیز و اغلب هوشمندانه
54
ambivalent - I felt very ambivalent about leaving home. - We are both somewhat ambivalent about having a child.
adj. simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings toward an object, person, or action having two opposing feelings at the same time, or being uncertain about how you feel ambivalent attitude/feelings etc دوجنبه ای، دمدمی ، دودل
55
ameliorate - Foreign aid is badly needed to ameliorate the effects of the drought. - It is not clear what can be done to ameliorate the situation.
v. to make a bad situation better or less harmful SYN improve, mitigate, extenuate بهتر کردن، اصلاح کردن، چاره کردن، بهتر شدن بهبودی یافتن
56
exemplar - Milt’s career is an exemplar of survival in difficult times. - It is an exemplar of a house of the period.
n. a typical or good example of something: نمونه، سرمشق، نظیر، مانند مثال، مثل، نسخه
57
grudge - It could be the work of someone with a grudge against the company. - I really grudge paying for poor service.
v. to be unwilling to give or admit بی میلی، اکراه، بیزاری، لج کینه، غرض، بخل ورزیدن، لجاجت کردن، غبطه خوردن بر، رشک ورزیدن به غرغر کردن n. a deep-seated feeling of resentment or rancor
58
sweeping - They want to make sweeping changes to education policies. - The proposal calls for sweeping changes in public land use.
adj. affecting many things, or making an important difference to something جامع، شامل، فراگیرنده جاروکشی adj. including a lot of information about something
59
extirpate - the use of every legal measure to extirpate this horrible evil from the land
v. to remove or destroy something completely ازبن کندن، ریشه کن کردن از بین بردن، بکلی نابود کردن
60
parity - Women workers are demanding parity with their male colleagues.
n. the state of being equal, especially having equal pay, rights, or power SYN equality parity with برابری، تساوی، زوج بودن تعادل، جفتی، توازن، زوجیت
61
utilitarian - Like many factories, it's a very ugly utilitarian building.
adj. designed to be useful rather than decorative مطلوبیت چیزی بخاطرسودمندی ان، معتقدباصل اخلاقی سودمند گرایی سودمندگرا
62
elicit - The test uses pictures to elicit words from the child.
v. to succeed in getting information or a reaction from someone, especially when this is difficult بیرون کشیدن، استخراج کردن استنباط کردن
63
beneficial - a drug that has a beneficial effect on the immune system
having a good effect OPP detrimental سودمند، مفید، نافع، پرمنفعت بااستفاده
64
intoxicate - The plant has the power to heal or intoxicate. - Just the names are enough to intoxicate: Monet, Picasso, Cézanne, Modigliani.
v. to make someone lose some control of their actions or behaviour v. to make someone excited, happy, and slightly out of control مست کردن، کیف دادن سرخوش کردن intoxicated: adj. drunk OPP sober
65
inchoate - She had a child's inchoate awareness of language. - Here are inchoate signs of life, but not as we know it, Jim.
adj. inchoate ideas, plans, attitudes etc are only just starting to develop آغاز کردن، بنیاد نهادن، تازه بوجود آمده، نیمه تمام
66
rebuff - She rebuffed all suggestions that she should resign. - Her desperate request for help was met with a rebuff. - He received a humiliating rebuff from his manager.
v. to refuse to accept a helpful suggestion or offer from someone, often by answering in an unfriendly way جلوگیری کردن، رد کردن، منع، رد، دفع n. the act of refusing to accept a suggestion or offer from someone, often by answering in an unfriendly way SYN snub
67
construe - comments that could be construed as sexist - The term can be construed in two different ways.
v. to understand a remark or action in a particular way v. to understand the meaning of تفسیر کردن، تعبیر کردن استنباط کردن
68
fallacy - It’s a common fallacy that a neutered dog will become fat and lazy. - It is a common fallacy that women are worse drivers than men.
n. a false or mistaken idea n. a false idea or belief, especially one that a lot of people believe is true SYN misconception سفسطه، دلیل سفسطه آمیز استدلال غلط
69
increment - You will receive annual salary/pay increments every September. - a salary of £18,000, with annual increments of 2.5%
n. a regular increase in the amount of money someone is paid افزایش، ترقی، سود، توسعه
70
deteriorate - The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. - America’s deteriorating economy
v. to make (something) worse بدتر کردن، خراب کردن روبزوال گذاشتن
71
grandiose - grandiose schemes/designs/ideas for making money - grandiose schemes of urban renewal
adj. grandiose plans sound very important or impressive, but are not practical grandiose scheme/plan/idea etc بزرگ نما، عالی نما، پر اب و تاب، بلند adj. larger and containing more detail than necessary, or intended to seem important or great:
72
truncate - If the list is too long, it will be truncated by the computer. - The report is also available in a truncated version.
v. to make something shorter SYN shorten بی سر کردن، شاخه زدن ناقص کردن، بریدن، کوتاه کردن
73
haphazard - He tackled the problem in a typically haphazard manner. - Educational provision (تهیه، تدارک) in the country is haphazard.
adj. happening or done in a way that is not planned or organized/ not having an obvious order or plan اتفاقی، برحسب تصادف، اتفاقا haphazard way/manner/fashion
74
quizzical - She gave me a quizzical look/glance/smile. - He sat and watched her, a quizzical look on his face.
adj. a quizzical expression is one that shows that you do not understand something and perhaps think it is slightly amusing a quizzical look/expression/smile عجیب و غریب، شوخ، مبهوت، مات، سوالی
75
provincial - The majority of young professionals in the capital have moved there from provincial towns. - provincial attitudes
adj. limited in outlook استانی، ایالت نشین، کوته فکر، ایالتی n. a person who comes from somewhere in a country outside its capital city
76
insensitive - She’s totally insensitive to Jack’s feelings. - The protective covering must be insensitive to light and heat. - His feet seem to be insensitive to pain.
adj. not responsive or susceptible بیئ حس، بی عاطفه، جامد، کساد، غیر حساس، کرخت
77
shackle - The country is shackled by its own debts. - The prisoner was led away in shackles.
v. to deprive of freedom especially of action by means of restrictions or handicaps پابند، دستبند، قید، مانع، پابندزدن
78
cumbersome - cumbersome equipment - cumbersome bureaucracy - Doctors are complaining that the system is cumbersome and bureaucratic.
adj. awkward because of being large, heavy, or not effective سنگین، طاقت فرسا، مایه زحمت، بطی
79
encomium - I thanked her for her encomium.
n. a piece of writing, speech, etc. that praises someone or something ثنا، ستایش
80
decelerate - The car decelerated at the sight of the police car. - a deceleration in economic growth
to go slower, especially in a vehicle SYN slow down OPP accelerate از سرعت چیزی کاستن کاستن سرعت، کند کردن آهسته کردن
81
revitalize - Japanese investment has revitalized this part of Britain. - They hope to revitalize the neighborhood by providing better housing. - a revitalizing massage
v. to give new life, energy, activity, or success to something v. to make active, healthy, or energetic again قدرت و زندگی تازه دادن (به)، باز زنده ساختن
82
indisputable - an artist of indisputable skill - One fact is indisputable - this must never be allowed to happen again. - The evidence was indisputable.
adj. true, and impossible to doubt adj. impossible to question or doubt بی چون و چرا، مسلما، بی گفتگو، به طور غیر قابل بحث، به طور مسلم
83
roost - In the city, pigeons roost on the ledges of buildings.
n. a place where birds rest and sleep نشیمنگاه پرنده، لانه مرغ جای شب به سر بردن، شب به سربردن، بیتوته کردن، منزل کرن v. When birds roost, they go somewhere to rest or sleep.
84
corroborate - Recent research seems to corroborate his theory. - We now have new evidence to corroborate the defendant’s story. - Experiments elsewhere corroborate these results.
v. to add proof to an account, statement, idea, etc. with new information تایید کردن، تقویت کردن، اثبات کردن
85
proclivity - the sexual proclivities of celebrities - his proclivity for shapely blondes - The child showed no proclivity towards aggression.
n. the fact that someone likes something or likes to do something, especially something considered morally wrong proclivity to/towards/for تمایل (به ارتکاب بدی)، تمایل طبیعی به چیز بد
86
hysteria - In a fit of hysteria, Silvia blamed me for causing her father’s death. - Since the general’s death, the population has been gripped by mass hysteria. - One woman, close to hysteria, grabbed my arm.
n. extreme fear, excitement, anger, etc. that cannot be controlled n. excessive or uncontrollable emotion, such as fear or panic تشنج، هیجان زیاد، هیستری حمله عصبی، هیجان زیاد
87
speculate - I don't know why she did it - I'm just speculating. - A spokesperson declined to speculate on the cause of the train crash. - Journalists are speculating about whether interest rates will be cut.
v. to think about something and make guesses about it اندیشیدن، تفکر کردن، معاملات قماری کردن، احتکارکردن سفته بازی کردن
88
conducive - Our mild climate is conducive to outdoor entertaining. - an environment conducive to learning
adj. providing the right conditions for something to happen or exist موجب شونده، سودمند مساعد، منجر شونده
89
vexation - Erika stamped her foot in vexation. - After several unsuccessful attempts to start his car, he swore in vexation.
n. something that worries or annoys you آزردگی، رنجش، آزار، تغییر حالت، تحریک
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disdain - The older musicians disdain the new, rock-influenced music. - He regards the political process with disdain. - She watched me with disdain. - a look of complete disdain
v. to strongly dislike or disapprove of (someone or something) اهانت، استغنا، عار (دانی) تحقیر، خوار شمردن n. the feeling of not liking someone or something and thinking that they do not deserve your interest or respect
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caterwaul - When they met in the middle, they spat and caterwauled and argued spitefully. - وقتی در وسط همدیگر را ملاقات کردند، آب دهانشان را به هم زدند و با کینه توزی با هم بحث کردند.
v. (of a person or animal) to make a high unpleasant noise like a cat جیغ کشیدن (مانند گربه) صدای شیون گربه
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efficacious - Two versions of the vaccine have been shown in trials to be between 90% and 95% efficacious. - an equally efficacious method of treatment
working in the way you intended SYN effective موثر
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alienate - The latest tax proposals will alienate many voters. - He felt that his experiences had alienated him from society.
v. to do something that makes someone unfriendly or unwilling to support you انتقال دادن، بیگانه کردن منحرف کردن v. to make it difficult for someone to belong to a particular group or to feel comfortable with a particular person alienate somebody from something
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analgesic - Aspirin is a popular analgesic. - This cream contains a mild analgesic to soothe stings and bites. این کرم حاوی یک مسکن ملایم برای تسکین گزش و گزش است.
n. a drug that reduces pain SYN painkiller درد نشان adj. capable of relieving pain
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anatomize - In his book, he anatomizes the scientific and political debate over global warming. - The deeper meanings of his work are not fully anatomized here.
v. to examine and describe something in detail کالبد شناسی کردن، تشریح کردن، قطعه قطعه کردن تجزیه کردن v. to cut something open, especially a dead body, in order to examine its structure:
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embargo - They have put an embargo on imports of clothing. - The police asked for a news embargo while they tried to find the kidnapper. - an embargo on wheat exports
n. an official order to stop trade with another country SYN boycott, sanctions embargo on/against ممنوعیت، تحریم، مانع، محظور
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contemplate - I'm contemplating going abroad for a year. - They were contemplating a move to California. - It's too awful/horrific/dangerous to contemplate.
v. to think about something that you might do in the future SYN consider v. v. to think deeply or carefully about تفکر کردن، در نظر داشتن اندیشیدن
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dogmatic - Her staff find her bossy and dogmatic. - He has written a stimulating but dogmatic book.
adj. someone who is dogmatic is completely certain of their beliefs and expects other people to accept them without arguing جزمی، متعصب، کوته فکر
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concrete - What does that mean in concrete terms? - the lack of any concrete evidence - a dialogue about concrete issues and problems - They think she killed her husband, but they have no concrete evidence.
adj. made of concrete adj. definite and specific سفت کردن، با شفته اندودن یا ساختن، به هم پیوستن، ساروج کردن (.adj.& n) : واقعی، به هم چسبیده، سفت، بتون، ساروج شنی، اسم ذات
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equitable - an equitable tax system - an equitable distribution of food supplies
adj. treating all people in a fair and equal way OPP inequitable منصف، متساوی