Word List 02

Question 1

fervent

• a fervent appeal for peace
• a fervent supporter of human rights
• a fervent supporter of the communist party
• It is his fervent hope that a peaceful solution will soon be found.

Answer 1

fervent

adj. believing or feeling something very strongly and sincerely SYN strong
با حرارت، با حمیت، پر شور و شعف، ملتهب
fervent admirer/believer etc

Question 2

alleviate

• The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering.
• a new medicine to alleviate the symptoms of flu
• measures to alleviate poverty

Answer 2

alleviate

v. to make something less painful or difficult to deal with
alleviate the problem/situation/suffering etc
سبک کردن، آرام کردن، کم کردن

Question 3

contagious

• The infection is highly contagious, so don’t let anyone else use your towel.
• Keep him out of school until he’s not contagious anymore.
• Fear is contagious.

Answer 3

contagious

adj. A contagious disease can be caught by touching someone who has the disease or a piece of infected clothing
adj. A contagious person has a contagious disease
adj. A contagious feeling spreads quickly among people

Question 4

pedantic

• They were being unnecessarily pedantic by insisting that Berry himself, and not his wife, should have made the announcement.
• Some people can be very pedantic about punctuation.

Answer 4

pedantic

adj. paying too much attention to rules or to small unimportant details
pedantic about

موشکاف

Question 5

unwieldy

• A piano is a very unwieldy item to get down a flight of stairs.
• unwieldy bureaucracy

Answer 5

unwieldy

adj. an unwieldy object is big, heavy, and difficult to carry or use
adj. an unwieldy system, argument, or organization is difficult to control or manage because it is too complicated

SYN cumbersome

سنگین، گنده، بدهیکل، دیرجنب، صعب

Question 6

vociferous

• a vociferous opponent of the plan
• The minority population became more vociferous in its demands.
• A vociferous opponent of gay rights, he is well-known for his right-wing views.

Answer 6

vociferous

adj. expressing your opinions loudly and strongly
vociferous in

پر سر و صدا

Question 7

profess

• She professes not to be interested in money.
• I don’t profess to know all the details about the case.
• She professes ignorance of the whole affair, though I’m not sure I believe her.

Answer 7

profess

v. to state something, sometimes in a way that is not sincere
v. to claim something, sometimes falsely

profess to do/be something

ادعا کردن، اظهار کردن تدریس کردن، ابراز ایمان کردن

Question 8

obeisance

• One by one the noblemen made their obeisances (= bent at the waist) to the queen.
• They made obeisance to the sultan.

Answer 8

obeisance

n. respect and obedience to someone or something, often shown by bending your head or the upper part of your body

make/pay obeisance (to somebody/something)

کرنش، احترام، تواضع، تعظیم

Question 9

diffuse

• The pollutants diffuse into the soil.
• Television is a powerful means of diffusing knowledge.
• Oxygen diffuses from the lungs into the bloodstream.
• The drop of red dye diffused slowly in the water.

Answer 9

diffuse

adj. spread out over a large space SYN disperse, spread
adj. using a lot of words and not explaining things clearly and directly
v. to spread out: to move freely throughout a large area

diffuse through/into/across

منتشر شده، پراکنده، پخش شده، افشانده، افشاندن، پخش کردن، منتشر کردن

Question 10

fulminate

• I had to listen to Michael fulminating against the government.
• Mick was fulminating against the unfairness of it all.
• It would be foolish to fulminate too strongly against the chain stores.

Answer 10

fulminate

v. to criticize strongly
v. to criticize someone or something angrily

fulminate at/against/about
با تهدید سخن گفتن داد و بیداد راه انداختن، اعتراض کردن

Question 11

voluble

• Clarissa was extremely voluble on the subject of good manners.
• She was a voluble, smart, funny interviewee.

Answer 11

voluble

adj. speaking a lot, with confidence and enthusiasm

پر حرف، روان، سلیس، چرب و نرم، خوش زبان

Question 12

sterling

• You’ve done a sterling job.
• Everyone has made a sterling effort.

Answer 12

sterling

adj. conforming to the highest standard

دارای عهیار قانونی، تمام عیار، ظاهر و باطن یکی واقعی،

Question 13

surmount

• He has had to surmount immense physical disabilities.
• a tower surmounted by a dome
• They managed to surmount all opposition/objections to their plans.

Answer 13

surmount

v. to succeed in dealing with a problem or difficulty SYN overcome
v. to be above or on top of something

غالب آمدن بر، برطرف کردن، بالا قرار گرفتن

Question 14

pry

• As a reporter, I was paid to pry into other people’s lives.
• I hope you don’t think I’m prying, but has your boyfriend ever lived with anyone before?
• She wanted a private holiday away from prying eyes (= where no one would be trying to see her).

Answer 14

pry

v. to try to find out private facts about a person
adj. prying

با دقت نگاه کردن، کاوش کردن، فضولانه نگاه کردن، با دیلم یا اهرم بلند کردن اهرم، دیلم، کنجکاوی، فضولی، فضول

Question 15

inhibit

• Some workers were inhibited (from speaking) by the presence of their managers.
• This drug inhibits the growth of tumours.

Answer 15

inhibit

v. to prevent someone from doing something by making them feel nervous or embarrassed
v. to slow down a process or the growth of something

inhibit somebody from doing something

باز داشتن و نهی کردن، منع کردن، مانع شدن، از بروز احساسات جلوگیری کردن

Question 16

censure

• a vote of censure
• He was officially censured for his handling of the situation.
• Ministers were censured for their lack of decisiveness during the crisis.
• The likelihood is that he will be severely censured and possibly also fined.

Answer 16

censure

n. the act of expressing strong disapproval and criticism
v. to officially criticize someone for something they have done wrong

انتقاد، سرزنش، سرزنش کردن

Question 17

peripatetic

• a peripatetic music teacher
• a peripatetic lifestyle

Answer 17

peripatetic

adj. travelling from place to place, especially in order to do your job SYN itinerant
adj. travelling around to different places, usually because you work in more than one place

گردش کننده، دوره گرد

Question 18

stringent

• The most stringent laws in the world are useless unless there is the will to enforce them.
• We need to introduce more stringent security measures such as identity cards.
• Stringent safety regulations were introduced after the accident.

Answer 18

stringent

adj. very strict or severe
adj. stringent economic conditions exist when there is a severe lack of money and strict controls on the supply of money

سخت، دقیق، غیر قابل کشش کاسد، تند وتیز، سختگیر خسیس، محکم بسته شده

Question 19

dwindle

• The elephant population is dwindling.
• His money had dwindled away.
• The community has dwindled to a tenth of its former size in the last two years.
• Her hopes of success in the race dwindled last night as the weather became worse.

Answer 19

dwindle

v. to gradually become less and less or smaller and smaller

رفته رفته کوچک شدن، تدریجا کاهش یافتن، کم شدن، تحلیل رفتن

Question 20

underrate

• Never underrate your opponent in a political contest.
• The company has consistently underrated the importance of a well-trained workforce.

Answer 20

underrate

v. to fail to recognize the importance, value, skill, power, etc., of someone or something
v. to rate or value (someone or something) too low

چیزی را کمتر از قیمت واقعی نرخ گذاشتن، ناچیز شمردن، دست کم گرفتن

Question 21

incursion

• incursions into enemy territory
• the Japanese incursion into the U.S. domestic electronics market

Answer 21

incursion

n. a sudden attack on or act of going into a place, especially across a border
n. an occasion when people suddenly involve themselves in another person’s private situation

تاخت و تاز، تهاجم، تاراج وحمله، تعدی

Question 22

pastiche

• The movie is a skilful, witty pastiche of “Jaws”.

Answer 22

pastiche

n. a work that imitates the style of previous works

تقلید ادبی یا صنعتی از اثاراستادان فن

Question 23

dishearten

• If young children don’t see quick results they grow disheartened.
• We must not be disheartened by this setback.

Answer 23

dishearten

v. to make a person lose confidence, hope, and energy

دلسرد کردن، نومید کردن

Question 24

emulate

• They hope to emulate the success of other software companies.
• Fitzgerald is eager to emulate Martin’s record of three successive world titles.
• He hoped to emulate the success of Wilder.

Answer 24

emulate

v. to do something or behave in the same way as someone else, especially because you admire them SYN imitate

هم چشمی کردن با، رقابت کردن با، برابری جستن با پهلو زدن، تقلید کردن

Question 25

adduce - None of the evidence adduced in court was conclusive.

Answer 25

adduce v. to give reasons why you think something is true استناد کنند

Question 26

emblematic - A sword is emblematic of power gained by violence. - The Vespa scooter became emblematic of sophisticated urban culture across Europe.

Answer 26

emblematic adj. seeming to represent or be a sign of something SYN representative نشانه، حاکی کنایه دار، رمزی ، نمادین emblematic of

Question 27

indict - Five people were indicted on charges of robbery. - He was indicted on drug charges at Snaresbrook Crown Court. - Five people were indicted for making and selling counterfeit currency.

Answer 27

indict v. to officially charge someone with a criminal offence اعلام جرم کردن، متهم کردن، تعقیب قانونی کردن indict somebody for something n. indictment اعلام جرم، تنظیم ادعانامه، اتهام

Question 28

discontinue - Bus route 51 is being discontinued. - a discontinued china pattern - The bank is discontinuing this service.

Answer 28

discontinue v. to stop doing, producing, or providing something ادامه ندادن، بس کردن موقوف کردن، قطع کردن

Question 29

wary - I'm a little wary of/about giving people my address when I don't know them very well. - I’m a bit wary of driving in this fog.

Answer 29

wary adj. someone who is wary is careful because they think something might be dangerous or harmful بسیار محتاط، با ملاحظه هشیار be wary of (doing) something

Question 30

opprobrium - International opprobrium has been heaped on the country following its attack on its neighbours. - Any country trading in these weapons would face international opprobrium.

Answer 30

opprobrium n. strong criticism or disapproval, especially expressed publicly رسوایی، ننگ، خفت، زشتی ناسزایی

Question 31

aesthetic - The new building has little aesthetic value/appeal. - furniture that is both aesthetic and functional

Answer 31

aesthetic adj. connected with beauty and the study of beauty وابسته به زیبایی، مربوط به علم (محسنات)، ظریف طبع

Question 32

expedite - strategies to expedite the decision-making process - Something needs to be done to expedite the process.

Answer 32

expedite v. to make a process or action happen more quickly SYN speed up تسریع کردن در، پیش بردن شتابان

Question 33

captivate - He was captivated by her beauty. - With her beauty and charm, she captivated film audiences everywhere.

Answer 33

captivate v. to attract someone very much, and hold their attention شیفتن، فریفتن، اسیر کردن be captivated by somebody/something

Question 34

irreversible - Smoking has caused irreversible damage to his lungs. - Fossil fuels have caused irreversible damage to the environment

Answer 34

irreversible adj irreversible damage, change etc is so serious or so great that you cannot change something back to how it was before OPP reversible بازگشت ناپذیر

Question 35

emotive - Animal experimentation is a highly emotive issue. - Child abuse is an emotive subject.

Answer 35

emotive adj. making people have strong feelings SYN emotional وابسته به احساسات emotive issue/subject/word etc

Question 36

refine - Engineers spent many months refining the software. - Crude oil is industrially refined to purify it and separate out the different elements, such as benzene. - Car makers are constantly refining their designs.

Answer 36

refine v. to make something pure or improve something, especially by removing unwanted material پالاییدن، پالودن، تصفیه کردن، خالص کردن، تهذیب کردن، پاک شدن، تصحیح کردن v. to improve an idea, method, system, etc. by making small changes

Question 37

exhilarate - Many emigrants recall their passages as particularly exhilarating experiences, regardless of physical discomforts.

Answer 37

exhilarate v. to make someone feel very excited and happy نشاط دادن، شادمان کردن روح بخشیدن

Question 38

solitary - In the distance was a solitary building. - He was a solitary child - Pandas are solitary creatures.

Answer 38

solitary adj. used to emphasize that there is only one of something SYN single adj. doing something without anyone else with you adj. spending a lot of time alone, usually because you like being alone OPP sociable تنها، مجرد، گوشه نشین منزوی، پرت

Question 39

jar - There was a modern lamp that jarred with the rest of the room. - His enthusiasm jarred. - His words jarred Harriet.

Answer 39

jar n. a glass container with a wide top and a lid, used for storing food such as jam or honey, or the amount it contains شیشه دهن گشاد v. to make someone feel annoyed or shocked v. to be different in style or appearance from something else and therefore look strange SYN clash jar with ناجور بودن، مغایر بودن، نزاع کردن، تکان دادن، لرزاندن

Question 40

unfettered - Poets are unfettered by the normal rules of sentence structure. - unfettered economic activity - Yet it could not be achieved with unfettered freedom.

Answer 40

unfettered adj. not restricted by laws or rules غیرمحدودوغیرمحصور

Question 41

flummery - These letters are full of the most ornate diplomatic flummery.

Answer 41

flummery n. praise or other polite speech or behaviour that is not sincere and does not really mean anything n. meaningless or deceptive language سخن پوچ

Question 42

implacable - The government faces implacable opposition on the issue of nuclear waste. - an implacable enemy - implacable hostility یک دشمن سرسخت خصومت بی رحمانه

Answer 42

implacable adj. used to describe (someone who has) strong opinions or feelings that are impossible to change سنگ دل، کینه توز adj. very determined to continue opposing someone or something

Question 43

arduous - an arduous climb/task/journey - the arduous task of loading all the boxes into the van - an arduous journey through the mountains

Answer 43

arduous adj. involving a lot of strength and effort دشوار، پر زحمت، پرالتهاب، صعب الصعود arduous task/work arduous journey/voyage

Question 44

conciliatory - a conciliatory gesture/remark - The UK government was not in a conciliatory mood. - Perhaps you should adopt a more conciliatory approach.

Answer 44

conciliatory adj. showing willingness to end a disagreement, or trying to make someone less angry مصالحه conciliatory approach/tone/gesture etc

Question 45

optimism - There was a note of optimism in his voice as he spoke about the company's future. - Recent results must give some cause for optimism. - There are grounds for cautious optimism.

Answer 45

optimism n. a tendency to believe that good things will always happen OPP pessimism فلسفه خوش بینی، نیک بینی grounds/cause/reason for optimism

Question 46

vindicate - The investigation vindicated her complaint about the newspaper. - They said they welcomed the trial as a chance to vindicate themselves. - They are hoping for vindication in court.

Answer 46

vindicate v. to prove that someone who was blamed for something is in fact not guilty حمایت کردن از، پشتیبانی کردن از، دفاع کردن از محقق کردن، اثبات بیگناهی کردن، توجیه کردن v. to prove that someone or something is right or true SYN justify

Question 47

malady - All the rose bushes seem to be suffering from the same mysterious malady. - She’s suffering from a variety of maladies, including dizziness, weakness, and headaches.

Answer 47

malady n. a serious problem in society ناخوشی، فاسد شدگی بیماری، مرض n. an illness

Question 48

warrant - The magistrate issued a warrant for his arrest. قاضی حکم بازداشت او را صادر کرد. - The company issued warrants for 300,000 shares. این شرکت برای 300000 سهم ضمانت نامه صادر کرد.

Answer 48

warrant v. to give assurance سند عندالمطالبه، گواهی کردن، تضمین کردن، گواهی حکم n. a reason for doing something n. an official document, signed by a judge or other person in authority, that gives the police permission to search someone's home, arrest a person, or take some other action death warrant, search warrant

Question 49

puncture - My bike has had two punctures in the last three weeks. - The knife went through his ribs and punctured his lung. - My positive mood was rather punctured by the news.

Answer 49

puncture n. a small hole made by a sharp object, especially in a tyre سوراخ، پنچر، سوراخ کردن پنچر شدن v. to make a small hole in something, or to get a small hole in something v. to suddenly make someone less confident or positive

Question 50

ascribe something to somebody/something - To what do you ascribe the enormous success of your latest book? - People like to ascribe human feelings to animals (= believe animals have human feelings). - The report ascribes the rise in childhood asthma to the increase in pollution.

Answer 50

ascribe something to somebody/something v. to consider something to be caused, created, or owned by someone or something نسبت دادن، اسناد دادن دانست

Question 51

clandestine - The group held weekly clandestine meetings in a church. - He has been having a clandestine affair with his secretary for three years. - She undertook several clandestine operations for the CIA.

Answer 51

clandestine adj. planned or done in secret, especially describing something that is not officially allowed مخفی، غیرمشروع،

Question 52

equivocal - His words to the press were deliberately equivocal - he didn't deny the reports but neither did he confirm them. - His answer was equivocal. - She was rather equivocal about her work.

Answer 52

equivocal adj. not clear and seeming to have two opposing meanings, or confusing and able to be understood in two different ways SYN ambiguous دارای دو معنی، دارای ابهام، دو پهلو، نامعلوم

Question 53

elucidate - The full picture has not yet been elucidated. - I don't understand. You'll have to elucidate. - The reasons for the change in weather conditions have been elucidated by several scientists.

Answer 53

elucidate v. to explain something that is difficult to understand by providing more information SYN clarify روشن کردن، توضیح دادن شفاف، روشن

Question 54

propaganda - At school we were fed communist/right-wing propaganda. - One official dismissed the ceasefire as a mere propaganda exercise. - the spreading of political propaganda

Answer 54

propaganda n. information which is false or which emphasizes just one part of a situation, used by a government or political group to make people agree with them Nazi/Communist etc propaganda propaganda exercise/campaign

Question 55

putative - The putative leader of the terrorist cell was arrested yesterday. رهبر احتمالی گروهک تروریستی دیروز دستگیر شد. - the putative father of her child

Answer 55

putative adj. generally thought to be or to exist, even if this may not really be true قلمداد شده، مفروض مورد قبول عامه

Question 56

conjecture - There's been a lot of conjecture in the media recently about the marriage. - It seems reasonable to conjecture that these conditions breed violence. - What she said was pure conjecture.

Answer 56

conjecture n. an idea or opinion formed by guessing SYN guess, hypothesis حدس، ظن، گمان، تخمین، حدس زدن، گمان بردن v. to form an idea or opinion without having much information to base it on SYN guess conjecture that

Question 57

coalesce - The theory is that galaxies coalesced from smaller groupings of stars. - Gradually the different groups of people coalesced into one dominant racial group.

Answer 57

coalesce v. if objects or ideas coalesce, they combine to form one single group SYN fuse به هم آمیختن، یکی شدن، منعقد شدن، ائتلاف کردن coalesce into/with

Question 58

tractable - The problem turned out to be less tractable than I had expected. - The issues have proved to be less tractable than expected.

Answer 58

tractable adj. easy to control or deal with OPP intractable رام شو، رام کردنی، سر به راه نرم، سست مهار

Question 59

warble - This morning it seemed as if every bird began to warble at once. - Was that you I heard warbling in the bathroom this morning?

Answer 59

warble v. to sing with a high continuous but quickly changing sound, the way a bird does سراییدن، چهچهه زدن، سرود چهچه v. to sing, especially not very well – used humorously

Question 60

knotty - It was a very knotty problem.

Answer 60

knotty adj. (of a problem or difficulty) complicated and difficult to solve گره دار، غامض

Question 61

dichotomy - There is often a dichotomy between what politicians say and what they do. - a dichotomy between his public and private lives

Answer 61

dichotomy n. the difference between two things or ideas that are completely opposite دوگانگی dichotomy between

Question 62

restive - The audience was becoming restive as they waited for the performance to begin. - Communist leaders struggled to rule over increasingly restive populations.

Answer 62

restive adj. unwilling to be controlled or be patient کله شق، رام نشو، بی قرار، سرکش، چموش

Question 63

courteous - Although she often disagreed with me, she was always courteous. - The staff are always courteous and helpful. - a courteous reply

Answer 63

courteous adj. polite and showing respect for other people OPP discourteous با ادب، مودب، فروتن مودبانه

Question 64

invigorate - We were invigorated by our walk. - At my age, the walk into town is enough to invigorate me.

Answer 64

invigorate v. to make someone feel fresher, healthier, and more energetic نیرو دادن، قوت دادن، روح بخشیدن، پر زور کردن تقویت شدن، خوش بنیه شدن invigorating: adj. The fresh air was invigorating.

Question 65

truculent - a truculent teenager - He was truculent and difficult to deal with.

Answer 65

truculent وحشی، خشن، بی رحم، قصی القلب، سبع adj. bad-tempered and always willing to argue with people SYN awkward

Question 66

congenial - congenial company/surroundings - The department provides a congenial atmosphere for research. - Frank was a very congenial colleague.

Answer 66

congenial adj. pleasant in a way that makes you feel comfortable and relaxed congenial atmosphere/surroundings/environment همخو، هم مشرب، دارای تجانس روحی، هم سلیقه adj. suitable for something

Question 67

insouciance - I admired his youthful insouciance. - an air of insouciance

Answer 67

insouciance بی پروایی، بی قیدی، سهل انگاری، بی اعتنایی، لاابالی گری n. a cheerful feeling of not caring or worrying about anything SYN nonchalance

Question 68

devastate - Waves of corporate downsizing have devastated employee morale. - I was so devastated I was crying constantly. - The town was devastated by a hurricane in 1928.

Answer 68

devastate ویران کردن، خراب کردن تاراج کردن v. to make someone feel extremely shocked and sad v. to damage something very badly or completely

Question 69

keen - He told me that he was keen to help. - a keen photographer - Dogs have a very keen sense of smell.

Answer 69

keen adj. very excited about and interested in something adj. pungent; acrid تیز کردن، شدید بودن، شدید کردن، نوحه سرایی کردن، تیز، پر زور، تند، حاد، شدید، تیز، زیرک، باهوش، مشتاق adj. having or marked by intellectual quickness and acuity

Question 70

ethos - national ethos - working-class ethos - The ethos of the traditional family firm is being threatened. - Violence is part of their ethos.

Answer 70

ethos n. the set of beliefs, ideas, etc. about the social behaviour and relationships of a person or group Violence is part of their ethos.

Question 71

flagrant - flagrant violations of human rights - a flagrant misuse of funds/privilege - a flagrant breach of trust - a flagrant disregard for the law

Answer 71

flagrant adj. shocking because of being so bad and so obvious آشکار، برملا، انگشت نما رسوا، وقیح، زشت adj. a flagrant action is shocking because it is done in a way that is easily noticed and shows no respect for laws, truth etc flagrant abuse/violation/breach etc

Question 72

solitude - Carl spent the morning in solitude. - the solitude of her house on the lake - a life of solitude - After months of solitude at sea it felt strange to be in company. - It provides one with a chance to reflect on spiritual matters in solitude.

Answer 72

solitude n. the situation of being alone, often by choice تنهایی، انفراد، خلوت، جای خلوت

Question 73

anachronism - The monarchy is something of an anachronism these days. - The film is full of anachronisms.

Answer 73

anachronism n. someone or something that seems to belong to the past, not the present بیموردی، (در تاریخ نویسی) اشتباه در ترتیب حقیقی وقایع و ظهور اشخاص، نابهنگامی n. something in a play, film etc that seems wrong because it did not exist in the period of history in which the play etc is set anachronistic: adj.

Question 74

turbid - Several different species of fish inhabit these turbid shallow waters.

Answer 74

turbid گل آلود، تیره، کدر، در هم و بر هم، مه آلود adj. (of a liquid) not transparent because a lot of small pieces of matter are held in it adj. turbid water or liquid is dirty and muddy adj. in a state of turmoil

Question 75

confine - Let's confine our discussion to the matter in question, please! - Please confine your use of the phone to business calls.

Answer 75

confine v. to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way حد، محدوده، محدود کردن، منحصر کردن، محبوس کردن v. to keep someone closed in a place, often by force SYN restrict

Question 76

venerate - Robert Burns is Scotland's most venerated poet. - These children are venerated as holy beings.

Answer 76

venerate v. to honour or very much respect a person or thing ستایش و احترام کردن، تکریم کردن venerate somebody as something

Question 77

premeditate - I rarely premeditate, which is a mistake. - premeditated murder - a premeditated attack - The assault was premeditated and particularly brutal.

Answer 77

premeditate v. consider, ponder, or plan (an action) beforehand قبلا فکر چیزی را کردن مطالعه قبلی کردن v. think or reflect beforehand or in advance premeditated: adj. a premeditated crime or attack is planned in advance and done deliberately

Question 78

insular - an insular community - the insular world of the law

Answer 78

insular adj. separated from other people or cultures adj. not knowing or interested in new or different ideas

Question 79

consolidate - The company has consolidated its position as the country’s leading gas supplier. - The team consolidated their lead with a third goal. - The success of their major product consolidated the firm's position in the market.

Answer 79

consolidate v. to make (something, such as a position of power or control) stronger or more secure محکم کردن، یکی کردن، یک رقم کردن v. to combine things in order to make them more effective or easier to deal with

Question 80

upheaval - I'm not sure it's worth the upheaval of moving to gain just a little more space. - political upheaval - Moving house is a major upheaval.

Answer 80

upheaval n. a great change, especially causing or involving much difficulty, activity, or trouble تغییر فاحش، تحول، انقلاب، برخاست، بالا آمدن

Question 81

unyielding - Korea is unyielding in its demands for a new treaty. - an unyielding resistance to change

Answer 81

unyielding adj. completely unwilling to change a decision, opinion, demand, etc.

Question 82

mendacious - Some of these statements are misleading and some are downright (صرفا، محض) mendacious. - mendacious propaganda

Answer 82

mendacious adj. not telling the truth دروغگو، کاذب

Question 83

sonorous - a sonorous voice

Answer 83

sonorous adj. having a pleasantly deep loud sound صدا دار، طنین انداز، قلنبه بلند، پرصدا

Question 84

fertile - 800 acres of fertile cropland - Most men remain fertile into old age.

Answer 84

fertile adj. fertile land or soil is able to produce good crops حاصلخیز، پرثمر، بارور برومند، پربرکت adj. able to produce babies, young animals, or new plants OPP infertile

Question 85

decadent - a decadent society - the decadent court surrounding the king - Pop music was condemned as decadent and crude.

Answer 85

decadent adj. A decadent person or group has low moral standards روبه انحطاط، منحط، روبفسادرونده adj. having low moral standards and being more concerned with pleasure than serious matters

Question 86

indispensable - This book is an indispensable resource for researchers. - His long experience at the United Nations makes him indispensable to the talks. - Meat is not indispensable for maintaining a healthy diet. - Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of our lives.

Answer 86

indispensable adj. someone or something that is indispensable is so important or useful that it is impossible to manage without them SYN essential indispensable for/in (doing) something واجب، حتمی، چاره نا پذیر ضروری، ناگزیر، صرفنظرنکردنی، لازم الاجرا

Question 87

covert - covert actions - covert operations - The government was accused of covert military operations against the regime.

Answer 87

covert adj. secret or hidden OPP overt نهان، راز، پناهگاه، پوشیده، پوشپر n. a group of thick bushes where animals can hide

Question 88

instinct - Animals have a natural instinct for survival. - All his instincts told him to stay near the car and wait for help.

Answer 88

instinct n. a natural tendency to behave in a particular way or a natural ability to know something, which is not learned غریزه، شعور حیوانی، هوش طبیعی جانوران sexual/maternal/survival instinct

Question 89

discern - Officials were keen to discern how much public support there was. - We could just discern a town in the distance.

Answer 89

discern v. to notice or understand something by thinking about it carefully تشخیص دادن، تمیز دادن discern what/where/why etc v. to be able to see something by looking carefully SYN perceive

Question 90

orientation - The company needs to develop a stronger orientation towards marketing its products. - How can we get students to adopt a serious orientation to learning?

Answer 90

orientation n. a usually general or lasting direction of thought, inclination, or interest آشنایی، راهنمایی، گرایش جهت، جهت یابی n. the relative position or direction of something

Question 91

riddle - See if you can solve this riddle. - The police have been unable to solve the riddle of her disappearance.

Answer 91

riddle n. a question that is deliberately very confusing and has a humorous or clever answer معما، چیستان، لغز، رمز، جدول معما، گیج و سر در گم کردن، تفسیر یا بیان کردن n. something that you do not understand and cannot explain SYN puzzle, mystery

Question 92

jejune - jejune political opinions - a jejune lecture by one of our professors

Answer 92

jejune adj. very simple or childish بیهوده، نارس، تهی، خشک، بی مزه، بی لطافت adj. boring and not interesting

Question 93

clownish

Answer 93

clownish adj. silly or stupid لوده وار، دلقک

Question 94

indifferent - Sarah was absolutely indifferent to him, and it hurt. - an indifferent cook - He found it very hard teaching a class full of indifferent teenagers.

Answer 94

indifferent adj. not at all interested in someone or something indifferent to خون سرد، لاقید، بی طرف، بی تعقیب، بی اهمیت، بی تفاوت، جزئی، بی اثر adj. not particularly good SYN mediocre

Question 95

lethargic - The hot weather was making us all lethargic. - I was feeling tired and lethargic.

Answer 95

lethargic adj. feeling as if you have no energy and no interest in doing anything SYN lazy OPP energetic بیحال، سست

Question 96

clique - a ruling clique of officials - the cliques formed by high school students - There's a clique at work that never talks/who never talk to anyone else.

Answer 96

clique n. a small group of people who think they are special and do not want other people to join them – used to show disapproval clique of دسته، گروه، محفل

Question 97

fungible - fungible goods/commodities - fungible assets/bonds

Answer 97

fungible adj. easy to exchange or trade for something else of the same type and value عوض دار، مثلی، قابل تعویض، اموال مثلی

Question 98

complimentary - The reviews of his latest film have been highly complimentary. - She wasn't very complimentary about your performance, was she?

Answer 98

complimentary adj. given free to people adj. praising or expressing admiration for someone تعریف آمیز، تعارفی، بلیط افتخاری

Question 99

empirical - This theory needs to be backed up with solid empirical data/evidence. - Empirical studies show that some forms of alternative medicine are extremely effective.

Answer 99

empirical adj. based on scientific testing or practical experience, not on ideas OPP theoretical, hypothetical تجربی