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د.خديجة Flashcards

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1
Q

Mycobacteria are a large group of …… bacteria that are normal
inhabitants of soil, water, and house dust and it do not form …..

A

aerobic
spores

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2
Q

Mycobactria
Rod -shaped bacilli that sometimes resemble …..

A

fungal mycelium

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3
Q

Mycobactria Stained by …..methods like ….. because
they resist …..

A

Acid fast staining
Zeihl-Neelsen straining
decolorization with mineral acids or Alchol like sulphuricacid.

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4
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

acid-fast
• non-sporing
• non-capsulated
• non-motile.
• Stained by:
Acid faststainslike Zeihl-Neelsen’s method

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5
Q

Mycobactrium tuberculoses
. …..(the preferred
Stains for clinical specimens)

A

Fluorchrome stainslike Auromine - rhodamine.

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6
Q

Mycobactria tuberculosis
.. … media is used most commonly used solid media.

A

Lowenstein-Jensen

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7
Q

Mycobactria tuberculosis
Liquid media which can be used like..

A

Middle brook 7H10

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8
Q

 …Responsible for the
virulence of bacteria (Mycobactria tuberculosis)

A

Cord factor (trehalose dimycolate).

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9
Q

All this factors responsible for granuloma
formation (Mycobactria tuberculosis

A

Cell wall antigens:1Cord factor (trehalose dimycolate).
2Mycolic Acid
3Arabinogalactan
4Peptidoglycan

Cytoplasmic antigens:
Protein antigens 5, 6, 14.
These induce delayed type hypersensitivity and elicit tuberculin
reaction
 Polysaccharides:
Their role in pathogenesis is not clear but they can induceimmediate type
of hypersensitivity

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10
Q

Tuberculosis(TB)caused mainly by…

A

M. tuberculosis complex (MTC)

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11
Q

. …tuberculosis infection can occur from
contaminated milk.

A

• M. bovis

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12
Q

T B
The cell mediated immunity results in a delayed hypersensitivity
reaction which results in formation of …..

A

agranuloma

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13
Q

Primary tuberculosis:
• In lungs, the tubercle bacilli within the macrophages form alesion
called ….
• It is found in the ….
• Some bacilli infect hilar lymph nodes.
• The enlarged hilar lymph nodes and Gohn focus together iscalled
…..

A

Gohn focus.
lower lobe or lower part of the upper lobe.
primary complex

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14
Q
  1. Secondary (post primary) Tuberculosis:
    • The lesions occur in …….
A

apex of lungs resulting in tuberculomas
(granulomas caused by M. tuberculosis)

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15
Q

Rapid culture methods

A
  1. Radiometric method (BACTEC) – growth can be observedwithin 9-12
    days.
  2. Mycobacte tube (MGIT) – growth is ria growth indicator
    observed in 7 -14 days
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16
Q

Biochemical reactions
T.B

A
  1. Niacin test: a canary yellow shows a positivetest.
  2. Catalase-peroxidase tests: M. tuberculosisisperoxidase positive and
    weakly catalase positive.
  3. Nitrate reduction test: pink color indicates apositive test.
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17
Q

Mantoux test (tuberculin test)
•

A

It is a skin test for delayed hypersensitivity reactionin tuberculosis.
• 0.1 ml of purified protein derivative (PPD) containing5 tuberculin units is
injected intradermally into skin on forearm.
• The injection site is observed after 48 hours forinduration
(swelling)

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18
Q

BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) vaccine:
• Contains the live attenuated strain

A

M. bovis .

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19
Q

BCG vaccine does not …. but protects against…

A

prevent infection
miliary
tuberculosis.

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20
Q

The major disadvantage of BCG vaccine is …..

A

it gives false positive reaction
with Mantoux test & hence diagnosis of TB becomes difficult in vaccinated
persons.

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21
Q

• This organism infects cattle

A

Mycobacterium bovis

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22
Q

Mycobacterium bovis
• It is very similar to M. tuberculosis, but it can be distinguished by its…..

A

poor growth on L J medium andbeing highly pathogenic to rabbits.

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23
Q

Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria ( Environmental
mycobacteria )
• Called….. and are present in theenvironment.

A

Atypical Mycobacteria

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24
Q

T.B
They are not transmitted from one person to another.

Study These Flashcards
A

Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria ( Environmental
mycobacteria )

25
• .....causes infectionsimilar to pulmonary tuberculosis usually in HIV patients and immunocompromised persons.
M. avium, M. intracellulare and M. kansasii
26
M. ulcerans causes skin ulcers commonly called as ...
Buruliulcers
27
.... causes swimming pool granulomas
• M. marinum
28
NTM They can be distinguished from otherMycobacteria by:
• their rate of growth • temperature required • and pigment production. • They are catalase strong positive and aryl-sulfatase positive, niacin test negative.
29
Mycobacterium leprae .... culture is available
Tissue
30
Mycobacterium leprae • An ...... Bacterium
obligate intracellular
31
Mycobacterium leprae• Causes a chronic granulomatous infection involving: 
Skin  nasal septum  and peripheral nerves
32
Mycobacterium leprae Morphology • It is a slightly curved shortacid fast bacillus found within: 
the endothelial cells of blood vessels  or in mononuclear cells.
33
....cannot be grown inculture media in laboratory
M. leprae
34
M.leprea The lesions develop in cooler areas of the body like .... • The bacilli develop within the ....
earlobes and superficial nerves. skin, histiocytes, endothelialcells of blood vessels and Schwann cells of peripheral nerves.
35
There are two major forms of leprosy: 
Lepromatous leprosy (LL) Tuberculoid leprosy (TL)
36
Rickettsia
They are obligate intracellular parasites stained best by Giemsa stain grown in tissue cultur • They are maintained in nature in certain arthropods such as ticks, lice, fleas and mites. • They are transmitted to humans by the bite or faeces of the arthropod
37
Ricktissia 2 group
Typhus group Spotted fever group
38
Rickettsial diseases
EPIDEMIC TYPHUS ENDEMIC TYPHUS ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FIVER
39
-EPIDEMIC TYPHUS or .... Causative organism:... • Vector ....:
brill zinsser disease Rickettsia prowazeki esuol ydob, lice, louse
40
The Rickettsia prowazeki circulate in the blood strea during the .... • They invade the capillary endothelium causing . ....... • Disseminated intravascular coagulatio and vascular occlusion may occur
first week. vasculitis in the brain, heart and other organs
41
Rickettsia remains latent in lymph nodes for several years. • when exposed later to factors which lower their immunity, • Rickettsia may be activated to produce disease again • This condition is known as .. ...in which the infection is ....
Brill's disease endogenous
42
ENDEMIC TYPHUS • Causative organism: ....... • Vector :..... • Mode of transimission: Infection occurs by
Rickettsia typhi rat fleas bite of rat flea
43
ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FIVER Causative organism: ...... • Vector .... • Mode of transimission: 1.The organism is transmitted trans ovarian among .... 2........are also reservoirs of infection. 3.Humans are ........ no ....... transmissionمهم
Rickettsia Richtessi tick ticks Dogs and rodents accidental hosts; person to person
44
ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FIVER Most cases occur in.... .
children
45
Rash of ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FIVER • The typical rash, which appears 6-2 days later, begins With ....... that progress to ...... that appear first on hands and feet then move to the trunk.
macules petechiae
46
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are lifesaving of Rickettsial diseases;
specimen blood and skin biopsy specimens
47
methods are very useful for establishing a diagnosis in the acute stage.
immuno-histochemical methods and PCR.
48
Isolation procedures are only done in few laboratories, as they are ........
hazardous
49
Weil–Felix test( imprtant relation between protus and rickettsia!!!!) •
The basis of the test is the presence of antigenic cross-reactivity between Rickettsia spp. and certain serotypes of non￾motile Proteus spp., a phenomenon first published by Edmund Weil and Arthur Felix in 1916. Weil-Felix is a nonspecific agglutination test which detects anti-rickettsial antibodies in patient’s serum. Weil￾Felix test is based on cross-reactions which occur between antibodies produced in acute rickettsial infections with antigens of OX (OX 19, OX 2, and OXK) strains of Proteus species. Dilution of patient’s serum are tested against suspensions of the different Proteus strains
50
The treatment of choice for all rickettsial diseases is ..... .. the second choice
tetracyclines , htiw chloramphenicol as
51
....... is the only species and causes Q fever.
Coxiella burnetii
52
COXIELLA differs from rickettsia in .
1being more resistant to drying, disinfectants and UV. .2It can survive for months in dried animal discharges (placental tissues or aminiotic fluid) faeces, urine or milk; due to endospore formation during an intracellular developmental cycle.
53
Mode of transmission of COXIELLA • It is not transmitted to humans by ....... • However, the organism is found in ticks which transmit it to ....... • These animals are the .... , passing the organism in their milk, discharges and excreta.
the bite of an arthropod. goats, sheep and cattle. reservoir for human infection
54
Coxeilla Inhalation of aerosols containing the organism, which enter the lungs, results in infection of alveolar macrophages and a ....
brief rickettsaemia.
55
Coxiella • Acute disease begins with .... and .... ....occurs in about half of cases. • .... is frequent enough that the combination of ........should suggest Q fever.
fever influenza-like symptoms. Pneumonia Hepatitis pneumonia and hepatitis
56
Chronic Q fever characterized by life threatening ........ may occur in patients with abnormal valves. • It is associated with a rise in antibody titre to phase I C. burnetii and • negative blood cultur
endocarditis
57
Coxiella diagnosis ...... is considered the best method
Indirect immunofluorescence
58
All ricketssial diseases transmetted by arthropodes except .. All ricketssial diseases manifested by skin rash except ... All ricketssial diseases are zoonetic disease except .......... wich are transmetted from human to human by lice.
Qfever (coxiella burnitti). Q fever epidemic typhus

Microbiologie (16 decks)

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