Bacterial Structure

Question 1

Some bacteria surrounded by………. Or…….. Or….

Answer 1

Polysaccharide ex pneumococcus
Protein layer ex bacillus anthracis
Both

Question 2

Capsule (polysaccharide ( also known as ……

Answer 2

Glycocalyx (meaning sugar coat)

Question 3

The presence of capsule can be determined by…..

Answer 3

Using negative staining (India ink)

Question 4

If the substance (capsule) is unorganized and only loosely attached to the cell wall the glycocalyx is described as…..

Answer 4

Slime layer or bioflim

Question 5

Capsule are important in contributing to…….

Answer 5

Bacterial virulence

Question 6

Capsule often…… Pathogenic bacteria from……

Answer 6

Protect
Phagocytosis (antiphagocytosis)

Question 7

Capsule aids……to the host tissue surface

Answer 7

Adherence

Question 8

Capsule can also acts as……to toxic hydrophobic molecules such as detergent

Answer 8

Barrier

Question 9

Flagella types

Answer 9

Long filamentous appendages that propel bacteria
1monotrichous: single polar flagella
2amphitrichous: single flagella at each end of the cell
3lophotrichous: two or More flagella at one or both end of the cell
4peritrichous: flagella distributed over the entire cell

Question 10

Flagella provide…… to the cell

Answer 10

Motility ,motion, locomotion

Question 11

Spirochetes bacteria move by means of……or…… bundle of fibrils that arise at the ends of the cell beneath outer sheath and spiral around the cell producing…..

Answer 11

Axial filaments
Endoflagella
Corkscrew motion

Question 12

Fimbriae and pili used for….m

Answer 12

Attachment and transfer of DNA rather than motility

Question 13

Structure of fimbriae and pili consists of protein called…..

Answer 13

Pilin

Question 14

Fimbriae it help the microbe to…….. mucous membrane ex…. The causative agent of the..m

Answer 14

Adhere and colonize
Neisseria gonorrhea
Gonorrhea

Question 15

Pili divided into two types:

Answer 15

Ordinary pili play role in adherence of bacteria to the host cell
Sex pili pili join bacterial cells in preparation for the transfer of the DNA from one cell to another processes called conjugation

Question 16

the transfer of the DNA from one cell to another processes called….

Answer 16

conjugation

Question 17

The major function of the cell wall is to……..

Answer 17

Prevent bacterial cells from rupturing when the water pressure inside the cell is greater than that outside the cell

Question 18

Cell wall is the site of…

Answer 18

Some antibiotics action

Question 19

The chemical composition of the cell wall is used to……

Answer 19

Differentiate major types of the bacteria

Question 20

The cell of some…… such as plants algae and fungi have cell wall thier Wall differ chemically from those of prokaryotic are….. And…..

Answer 20

Eukaryotic
Simpler in structure
Less rigid

Question 21

Bacterial cell wall composed of macromolecular network called…… Also named….

Answer 21

Peptidoglycan
Murein

Question 22

The peptidoglycan of the cell wall is rigid made up of rope like linear….. chain cross linked by…..

Answer 22

Polysaccharide
Peptide

Question 23

Polysaccharide of cell wall is made up of repeating disaccharide of…… and… ..

Answer 23

N acetyl glucosamine NAG
N acetyl muramic acid NAM

Question 24

In cell wall structure
The peptide is…… because it contain both…….

Answer 24

Unusual
D and L amino acid D amino acid are not normally used in nature

Question 25

The peptidoglycan in gram positive bacteria forms ..... The peptidoglycan is only...... In grams negative bacteria

Answer 25

Multiple layers forming thick rigid structure One thin layer

Question 26

Gram positive cell wall contain....... Which consists of.... . or.....

Answer 26

Teichoic acid Glycerol Ribitol

Question 27

Two classes of teichoic acid........ and.....

Answer 27

Lipoteichoic acid (linked to plasma membrane) Wall teichoic acid (linked to peptidoglycan)

Question 28

Functions of teichoic acid

Answer 28

Bind and regulate the movement of cation into and out of the cell Role in cell growth Identify bacteria

Question 29

Cell wall of gram negative bacteria consists of.....and.... which composed of....

Answer 29

One or very few layer of peptidoglycan Outer membrane Lipoprotein, lipopolysaccharide (lps) and phospholipid

Question 30

Functions of outer membrane of gram negative

Answer 30

Evading phagocytosis and action of complement system Provide barrier

Question 31

Part of permeability of the outer membrane is due to protein in the membrane called..... that form...

Answer 31

Porin Channel

Question 32

Porin

Answer 32

Provide passage of molecules such as nucleotide, disaccharide, peptide, amino acid, vitamin and iron

Question 33

The polysaccharide portion of LPS is composed of...... the functions as..... The lipid portion of the LPS called.....is referred to as..... Wish is toxic when in host blood stream causing... And....

Answer 33

O polysaccharide Antigen and useful for gram negative identify Lipid A Endotoxin Fever and shock

Question 34

Peptidoglycan is bounded to lipoprotein and.....

Answer 34

Periplasm (priplasmic space)

Question 35

Priplasmic space

Answer 35

A gel like fluid between the outer membrane and the plasma membrane

Question 36

The periplasm contain a high concentration of...... and...

Answer 36

Degradative enzyme Transport proteins تلعب دور في metabolism and pathogenesis

Question 37

Cell wall and the gram stain mechanism based on...m

Answer 37

Difference in cell walls structure of gram positive and gram negative bacteria

Question 38

Primary stain.... Stain both cells.....

Answer 38

Crystal violet Purple

Question 39

Iodine..... Form..... and combined with.......

Answer 39

The mordant Large crystal Peptidoglycan layer

Question 40

Alcohol ..

Answer 40

The decolorize Impermeable crystal violet iodine in gram positive Dissolve lipid in gram negative

Question 41

Gram negative bacteria become... After the alcohol wash

Answer 41

Colourless

Question 42

The addition of....turn the gram negative cell...

Answer 42

Safranin (the counter stain) Pink

Question 43

Mycobacterium and pathogenic species of.... which also known as.... these bacteria have high concentration of... That prevents the uptake of gram stain

Answer 43

Norcardia Acid fast bacteria 60% hydrophobic waxy lipid (mycolic acid)

Question 44

..... smallest known bacteria

Answer 44

Mycoplasma

Question 45

Plasma membrane of the Mycoplasma are unique among bacteria in having....

Answer 45

Sterols (protect them from osmotic Lysis

Question 46

Cell wall can be damaged by........

Answer 46

Enzyme lysozyme Penicillin or B lactam antimicrobial drug

Question 47

Spheroplasts Protoplasts

Answer 47

Cell wall partially removed (gram negative bacteria) Cell wall completely removed (gram positive bacteria)

Question 48

Certain gram negative bacteria form stable spheroplasts that are known...

Answer 48

L form bacteria Capably of growing and dividing

Question 49

Both protoplasts and spheroplasts are... In shape

Answer 49

Cocci

Question 50

Prokaryotic plasma membrane lack....thus are...... Than eukaryotic except..... which contains...

Answer 50

Sterols Less rigid Mycoplasma Membrane sterols

Question 51

Chromatophores

Answer 51

Pigment and enzyme involved in photosynthesis are found in infolding of the plasma membrane

Question 52

Functions of bacterial plasma membrane

Answer 52

ATP production Selective permeability