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Microbiologie > Bacterial Structure > Flashcards

Bacterial Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Some bacteria surrounded by………. Or…….. Or….

A

Polysaccharide ex pneumococcus
Protein layer ex bacillus anthracis
Both

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2
Q

Capsule (polysaccharide ( also known as ……

A

Glycocalyx (meaning sugar coat)

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3
Q

The presence of capsule can be determined by…..

A

Using negative staining (India ink)

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4
Q

If the substance (capsule) is unorganized and only loosely attached to the cell wall the glycocalyx is described as…..

A

Slime layer or bioflim

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5
Q

Capsule are important in contributing to…….

A

Bacterial virulence

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6
Q

Capsule often…… Pathogenic bacteria from……

A

Protect
Phagocytosis (antiphagocytosis)

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7
Q

Capsule aids……to the host tissue surface

A

Adherence

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8
Q

Capsule can also acts as……to toxic hydrophobic molecules such as detergent

A

Barrier

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9
Q

Flagella types

A

Long filamentous appendages that propel bacteria
1monotrichous: single polar flagella
2amphitrichous: single flagella at each end of the cell
3lophotrichous: two or More flagella at one or both end of the cell
4peritrichous: flagella distributed over the entire cell

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10
Q

Flagella provide…… to the cell

A

Motility ,motion, locomotion

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11
Q

Spirochetes bacteria move by means of……or…… bundle of fibrils that arise at the ends of the cell beneath outer sheath and spiral around the cell producing…..

A

Axial filaments
Endoflagella
Corkscrew motion

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12
Q

Fimbriae and pili used for….m

A

Attachment and transfer of DNA rather than motility

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13
Q

Structure of fimbriae and pili consists of protein called…..

A

Pilin

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14
Q

Fimbriae it help the microbe to…….. mucous membrane ex…. The causative agent of the..m

A

Adhere and colonize
Neisseria gonorrhea
Gonorrhea

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15
Q

Pili divided into two types:

A

Ordinary pili play role in adherence of bacteria to the host cell
Sex pili pili join bacterial cells in preparation for the transfer of the DNA from one cell to another processes called conjugation

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16
Q

the transfer of the DNA from one cell to another processes called….

A

conjugation

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17
Q

The major function of the cell wall is to……..

A

Prevent bacterial cells from rupturing when the water pressure inside the cell is greater than that outside the cell

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18
Q

Cell wall is the site of…

A

Some antibiotics action

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19
Q

The chemical composition of the cell wall is used to……

A

Differentiate major types of the bacteria

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20
Q

The cell of some…… such as plants algae and fungi have cell wall thier Wall differ chemically from those of prokaryotic are….. And…..

A

Eukaryotic
Simpler in structure
Less rigid

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21
Q

Bacterial cell wall composed of macromolecular network called…… Also named….

A

Peptidoglycan
Murein

22
Q

The peptidoglycan of the cell wall is rigid made up of rope like linear….. chain cross linked by…..

A

Polysaccharide
Peptide

23
Q

Polysaccharide of cell wall is made up of repeating disaccharide of…… and… ..

A

N acetyl glucosamine NAG
N acetyl muramic acid NAM

24
Q

In cell wall structure
The peptide is…… because it contain both…….

A

Unusual
D and L amino acid D amino acid are not normally used in nature

25
Q

The peptidoglycan in gram positive bacteria forms …..
The peptidoglycan is only…… In grams negative bacteria

A

Multiple layers forming thick rigid structure
One thin layer

26
Q

Gram positive cell wall contain……. Which consists of…. . or…..

A

Teichoic acid
Glycerol
Ribitol

27
Q

Two classes of teichoic acid…….. and…..

A

Lipoteichoic acid (linked to plasma membrane)
Wall teichoic acid (linked to peptidoglycan)

28
Q

Functions of teichoic acid

A

Bind and regulate the movement of cation into and out of the cell
Role in cell growth
Identify bacteria

29
Q

Cell wall of gram negative bacteria consists of…..and…. which composed of….

A

One or very few layer of peptidoglycan
Outer membrane
Lipoprotein, lipopolysaccharide (lps) and phospholipid

30
Q

Functions of outer membrane of gram negative

A

Evading phagocytosis and action of complement system
Provide barrier

31
Q

Part of permeability of the outer membrane is due to protein in the membrane called….. that form…

A

Porin
Channel

32
Q

Porin

A

Provide passage of molecules such as nucleotide, disaccharide, peptide, amino acid, vitamin and iron

33
Q

The polysaccharide portion of LPS is composed of…… the functions as…..
The lipid portion of the LPS called…..is referred to as….. Wish is toxic when in host blood stream causing… And….

A

O polysaccharide
Antigen and useful for gram negative identify
Lipid A
Endotoxin
Fever and shock

34
Q

Peptidoglycan is bounded to lipoprotein and…..

A

Periplasm (priplasmic space)

35
Q

Priplasmic space

A

A gel like fluid between the outer membrane and the plasma membrane

36
Q

The periplasm contain a high concentration of…… and…

A

Degradative enzyme
Transport proteins
تلعب دور في metabolism and pathogenesis

37
Q

Cell wall and the gram stain mechanism based on…m

A

Difference in cell walls structure of gram positive and gram negative bacteria

38
Q

Primary stain…. Stain both cells…..

A

Crystal violet
Purple

39
Q

Iodine….. Form….. and combined with…….

A

The mordant
Large crystal
Peptidoglycan layer

40
Q

Alcohol ..

A

The decolorize
Impermeable crystal violet iodine in gram positive
Dissolve lipid in gram negative

41
Q

Gram negative bacteria become… After the alcohol wash

A

Colourless

42
Q

The addition of….turn the gram negative cell…

A

Safranin (the counter stain)
Pink

43
Q

Mycobacterium and pathogenic species of…. which also known as…. these bacteria have high concentration of…
That prevents the uptake of gram stain

A

Norcardia
Acid fast bacteria
60% hydrophobic waxy lipid (mycolic acid)

44
Q

….. smallest known bacteria

A

Mycoplasma

45
Q

Plasma membrane of the Mycoplasma are unique among bacteria in having….

A

Sterols (protect them from osmotic Lysis

46
Q

Cell wall can be damaged by……..

A

Enzyme lysozyme
Penicillin or B lactam antimicrobial drug

47
Q

Spheroplasts
Protoplasts

A

Cell wall partially removed (gram negative bacteria)
Cell wall completely removed (gram positive bacteria)

48
Q

Certain gram negative bacteria form stable spheroplasts that are known…

A

L form bacteria
Capably of growing and dividing

49
Q

Both protoplasts and spheroplasts are… In shape

A

Cocci

50
Q

Prokaryotic plasma membrane lack….thus are…… Than eukaryotic except….. which contains…

A

Sterols
Less rigid
Mycoplasma
Membrane sterols

51
Q

Chromatophores

A

Pigment and enzyme involved in photosynthesis are found in infolding of the plasma membrane

52
Q

Functions of bacterial plasma membrane

A

ATP production
Selective permeability

Microbiologie (16 decks)

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