Bacteriaد.عائشة

Question 1

Brucellaspp. are Gram-……. (short rods), small, non…., non…, non….. They are ….., but some strains require 5–10% ……. for primary isolation. Brucellaspp. are ……-positive and usually …….-positive. The virulence factor is ………

Answer 1

negative coccobacilli
motile
sporing
capsulate
aerobic
carbon dioxide
catalase
oxidase
ability to survive and multiply intracellular in macrophage and lymph nodes.

Question 2

Brucellosis is a ….. infection

Answer 2

zoonotic

Question 3

Others name of brucellosis….

Answer 3

Mediterranean fever, Malta fever, gastric remittent fever, and undulant fever

Question 4

most common zoonotic infection

Answer 4

Brucellae infection

Question 5

….. with brucellosis may pass the bacteria to their baby

Answer 5

Breastfeedingmoms

Question 6

…….this type causes most cases of human brucellosis and is mainly found in…..

Answer 6

B. melitensis
sheep and goats

Question 7

Brucellaspp are ……. pathogens that can survive replicate within …..of the host.

Answer 7

facultative (intracellular parasite)
phagocytic cells

Question 8

Brucellas multiply and move through the lymphatic system into the blood and results ……. within 1 to 6 weeks.

Answer 8

acute bacteremia

Question 9

Brucellosis: Phagocytosed bacteria are carried to ….. .. and the bacteria secret ….. induce the ….., which can progress to form ……

Answer 9

liver, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow
protein
formation of granuloma
focal abscesses and caseation.

Question 10

……… consisting of a solid and a liquid phase in the same blood culture is used for the isolation of theBrucella.

Answer 10

A biphasic medium (Castenda method of blood culture)

Question 11

… is a very slow growing organism so the Blood culture must be incubated for a period of 6-8 weeks before discarding as culture negative.

Answer 11

Brucella

Question 12

Antibioticscommonly used to treat brucellosis include:….

Answer 12

Doxycycline, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin, rifampin, bactrim, tetracycline

Question 13

Pseudomonas speciesare ……., rod-shaped bacteria of the Pseudomonadaceae family, …. although some species also grow under …… it produce water soluble …… , motility is by a single or multi polar flagellum, ……. positive, ……..lactose. Classified as an …….

Answer 13

Gram-negative
aerobics
anaerobic conditions
pigment
oxidase catalase
non fermentation
opportunistic pathogen,

Question 14

………..
account for 80 percent of opportunistic infections by pseudomonads.

Answer 14

Pseudomonas aeruginosaandP maltophilia P cepacia

Question 15

infections caused byPseudomonas speciesinclude ……. They frequently cause …….

Answer 15

endocarditis, pneumonia, and infections of the urinary tract, central nervous system, wounds, eyes, ears, skin, and musculoskeletal system
nosocomial infections.

Question 16

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Also known as ……..

Answer 16

Burkholderia aeruginosa

Question 17

Pseudomonas
Transmissionmainly occurs ……….

Answer 17

via contaminated water and food respectively.

Question 18

Virulence factor………

Produce pigment (Most strains ofP. aeruginosaproduce one or more pigments, including ……..
Pyocyanin pigment (………

Answer 18

Pili (adhesin), LPS (endotoxin activity), (capsule antiphagocytic), (Produce exotoxin A: inhibit protein synthesis, and produce tissue necrosis). (Produce collagenase and hyalodiasis (hyaluronic acid), (elastase destroying elastic fibers and blood vessel walls).
pyocyanin (blue-green), pyoverdine (yellow-green and fluorescent), and pyorubin (red-brown).
impairs ciliary function, stimulate inflammatory response…tissue damage)

Question 19

……grow well on most laboratory media
Grow on culture media (……
Combination of……..and…….. frequently used to treatment

Answer 19

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
cetrimide agar, nutrient agar , blood agar, MacConky agar)
Gentamicin and carbenicillin

Question 20

Haemophilus influenzae
One common type,………
usually strikes

Answer 20

Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type
), children under 5 years old.

Question 21

H.I
Gram…….
Non…
Non….
…. positive
Aerobics and facultative anaerobic

Answer 21

Negative coccobacillus
Motile
Sporforming
Oxidase

Question 22

H.I
In Vitro growth required accessories growth factor including……. And….

Answer 22

X factor ( hemin)
V factor( NAD)

Question 23

……..are used for isolation H influenza will generally not grow in blood agar which lacks NAD

Answer 23

Chocolate agar

Question 24

Virulence factors of H.influnza : ….

Answer 24

capsular polysaccharide, IgA protease

Question 25

Reservoirs strictly human pathogen,

Answer 25

H.influnza

Question 26

Pathogenesis of H.influanza

Answer 26

upper respiratory tract H. Influanzae type b penetrates nasopharynxs epithelium reach blood or direct to meanings or from sinuses.

Question 27

strains H.I
Non capsulated …..
Capsulated type b….

Answer 27

Adult
Children Meningitis

Question 28

……is recommended for chemoprophylaxis among close contacts of child with confirmed bacterial meningitis caused by either ….

Answer 28

Hib vaccine
rifampin
H. Influanzae or N. meningitis

Question 29

…… causes an acute conjunctivitis

Answer 29

H. Aegyptius

Question 30

…. causes chancroid- genital ulcers and lymphadenopathy- venereal disease

Answer 30

H. Ducreyi

Question 31

X factor (haemin) is required for …….

Answer 31

the synthesis of cytochromec and other iron-containing respiratory enzymes.

Question 32

V factor is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) It is essential for ……..

Answer 32

oxidation-reduction processes in cell metabolism.

Question 33

. X factor is heat ….,
V factor is heat…..

Answer 33

stable
Laible

Question 34

Satellitism :

Answer 34

streaking an organism which excretes V factors e.g Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of blood agar simultaneously, will produce growth stimulation (large colonies) of H. Influanzae near it, This is called satellitism. There are two sources of V factors, S. aureus produce V factor itself as well as produce hemolysin and therefore lyse RBC produce release V factor on lysis(,Haemophilusspp may grow on sheep blood agar very close to the colonies ofStaphylococcus aureus(as it produces NAD-factor V); this phenomenon is known as satelliting)

Question 35

Quellung reaction, also called the ….

Answer 35

Neufeld reaction

Question 36

Quellung reaction, also called the Neufeld reaction, is a

Answer 36

biochemicalreactionin whichantibodiesbind to thebacterial capsuleof Haemophilus influenzae. The antibody reaction allows these species to be visualized under amicroscope. If the reaction is positive, the capsule becomesopaqueand appears to enlarge.

Question 37

Bordetella pertussisis a fastidious gram-….. non ….., non……..,……. responsible for the respiratory infection commonly known as “…….

Answer 37

negative, short rod coccobacillus,
motile
sporing, capsulated
whooping cough or Pertussis.”

Question 38

What is whooping cough?

Answer 38

Whooping cough (pertussis) is an infection of therespiratory systemcaused by the bacteriumBordetella pertussis(orB. pertussis). It mainly affects babies younger than 6 months old who aren’t yetprotected by immunizations, and kids 11 to 18 years old whose immunity has started to fade.
Whooping cough causesseverecoughingspells, which can sometimesend in a “whooping” sound when the childbreathes in.

Question 39

….. .are an important reservoir forB. pertussisand are often the source of infection for infants.

Answer 39

Adolescents and adults

Question 40

Persons with pertussis are most infectious during the …….. and the first 2 weeks after cough onset

Answer 40

catarrhal period

Question 41

Virulence factors of B.pertussis

Answer 41

Pertussis toxin
Adenylate cyclase toxin
Tracheal toxin
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Question 42

Pathogenesis of B.pertussis

Answer 42

Pertussis is primarily a toxin-mediated disease. The bacteria attach to the cilia of the respiratory epithelial cells, produce toxins that paralyze the cilia, and cause inflammation of the respiratory tract, which interferes with the clearing of pulmonary secretions. Pertussis antigens appear to allow the organism to evade host defenses, in that lymphocytosis is promoted but chemotaxis is impaired.

Question 43

Culture medium of B.pertussis

Answer 43

Bordet gengou medium 20-30% blood

Question 44

Pertussis prevented by…

Answer 44

Pertussis vaccine which is part of DTaP vaccine