纽马克理论 Flashcards
八种模式
SL emphasis: Word-for-word translation Literal translation Faithful translation Semantic translation TL emphasis: Adaptation Free translation Idiomatic translation Communicative translation
Word-for-word translation:
The SL word order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context.
Literal translation:
The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalences but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context.
Faithful translation:
Faithful translations attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures.
Semantic translation:
Semantic translation where the translator attempts, within the bare syntactic and semantic constraints of the TL, to produce the precise contextual meaning of the original.
Adaptation:
Adaptation is the freest form of translation, mainly used for plays. The SL culture is converted to the TL culture and the text is rewritten.
Free translation:
Free translation reproduces the content without the form of the original.
Idiomatic translation:
Idiomatic translation reproduces the message of the original but tends to distort nuances of the meaning by preferring idioms that do not exist in the original.
Communicative translation:
Communicative translation where translator attempts to produce the same effect on the target language readers as was produced by the original on the SL readers.
Translation Strategy:
Formal equivalence or functional equivalence
Semantic translation or communicative translation
Foreignization or domestication
Word-for-word translation or adaptation
Literal translation or free translation
Faithful translation or idiomatic translation
文本分类
Expressive
Informative
Vocative/operative
