012 Test Modules 5-6

Question 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

An explanation or representation of something that cannot be seen

Answer 2

Model

Question 3

A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons

Answer 3

Element

Question 4

Chemicals that result from atoms linking together

Answer 4

Molecules

Question 5

A change that affects the appearance but not the chemical makeup of a substance

Answer 5

Physical change

Question 6

A change that alters the makeup of the elements or molecules of a substance

Answer 6

Chemical change

Question 7

One of three forms - solid, liquid, or gas - which every substance is capable of attaining

Answer 7

Phase

Question 8

The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Answer 8

Diffusion

Question 9

A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent

Answer 9

Concentration

Question 10

A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but does not allow other molecules to pass through

Answer 10

Semipermeable membrane

Question 11

The tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration

Answer 11

Osmosis

Question 12

A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process

Answer 12

Catalyst

Question 13

A molecule that contains only carbon and any of the following: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and/or phosphorous

Answer 13

Organic molecule

Question 14

The process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones

Answer 14

Biosynthesis

Question 15

Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula

Answer 15

Isomers

Question 16

Simple carbohydrates that contain 3 to 10 carbon atoms

Answer 16

Monosaccharides

Question 17

Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides

Answer 17

Disaccharides

Question 18

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

Answer 18

Polysaccharides

Question 19

A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water

Answer 19

Dehydration reaction

Question 20

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

Answer 20

Hydrolysis

Question 21

Lacking any affinity to water

Answer 21

Hydrophobic

Question 22

A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms

Answer 22

Saturated fat

Question 23

A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms

Answer 23

Unsaturated fat

Question 24

A bond that links amino acids together in a protein

Answer 24

Peptide bond

Question 25

A strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms (usually oxygen or nitrogen) in specific molecules

Answer 25

Hydrogen bond

Question 26

The transport of dissolved substances into cells

Answer 26

Absorption

Question 27

The breakdown of absorbed substances

Answer 27

Digestion

Question 28

The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy

Answer 28

Respiration

Question 29

The removal of soluble waste materials

Answer 29

Excretion

Question 30

The removal of nonsoluble waste materials

Answer 30

Egestion

Question 31

The release of biosynthesized substances

Answer 31

Secretion

Question 32

Maintaining the status quo

Answer 32

Homeostasis

Question 33

Producing more cells

Answer 33

Reproduction

Question 34

The study of cells

Answer 34

Cytology

Question 35

A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells

Answer 35

Cell wall

Question 36

The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells

Answer 36

Middle lamella

Question 37

The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell’s surroundings

Answer 37

Plasma membrane

Question 38

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Answer 38

Cytoplasm

Question 39

Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons

Answer 39

Ions

Question 40

The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell’s contents

Answer 40

Cytoplasmic streaming

Question 41

The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy

Answer 41

Mitochondria

Question 42

The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids

Answer 42

Lysosome

Question 43

Non-membrane-bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis

Answer 43

Ribosomes

Question 44

An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell

Answer 44

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 45

ER that is dotted with ribosomes

Answer 45

Rough ER

Question 46

ER that has no ribosomes

Answer 46

Smooth ER

Question 47

The organelles in which proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell

Answer 47

Golgi bodies

Question 48

Organelles that store starches or oils

Answer 48

Leucoplasts

Question 49

Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis

Answer 49

Chromoplasts

Question 50

A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes

Answer 50

Central vacuole

Question 51

Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion

Answer 51

Waste vacuoles

Question 52

The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells

Answer 52

Phagocytosis

Question 53

A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs

Answer 53

Phagocytic vacuole

Question 54

Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules

Answer 54

Pinocytic vesicle

Question 55

Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released

Answer 55

Secretion vesicle

Question 56

Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure

Answer 56

Microtubules

Question 57

A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Answer 57

Nuclear membrane

Question 58

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell

Answer 58

Chromatin

Question 59

A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement

Answer 59

Cytoskeleton

Question 60

Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell’s cytoskeleton

Answer 60

Microfilaments

Question 61

Threadlike proteins in the cell’s cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments

Answer 61

Intermediate filaments

Question 62

A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group

Answer 62

Phospholipid

Question 63

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion

Answer 63

Passive transport

Question 64

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion) aided by a process that requires energy

Answer 64

Active transport

Question 65

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell that resides in the solution

Answer 65

Isotonic solution

Question 66

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution

Answer 66

Hypertonic solution

Question 67

Collapse of a walled cell’s cytoplasm due to a lack of water

Answer 67

Plasmolysis

Question 68

The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure

Answer 68

Cytolysis

Question 69

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell which resides in the solution

Answer 69

Hypotonic solution

Question 70

Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going

Answer 70

Activation energy