7-8

Question 1

The science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

The general guideline of traits determined by a person’s DNA

Answer 2

Genetic factors

Question 3

Those “nonbiological” factors that are involved in a person’s surroundings
such as the nature of the person’s parents, the person’s friends, and the person’s behavioral choices

Answer 3

Environmental factors

Question 4

The factors in a person’s life that are determined by the quality of his or her relationship with God

Answer 4

Spiritual factors

Question 5

A section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of protein, thereby causing a trait

Answer 5

Gene

Question 6

The RNA that performs transcription

Answer 6

Messenger RNA

Question 7

A three-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA

Answer 7

Anticodon

Question 8

A sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that refers to a specific type of amino acid

Answer 8

Codon

Question 9

DNA coiled around and supported by proteins, found in the nucleus of the cell

Answer 9

Chromosome

Question 10

A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells

Answer 10

Mitosis

Question 11

The time interval between cellular reproduction

Answer 11

Interphase

Question 12

The region that joins two sister chromatids

Answer 12

Centromere

Question 13

A cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles

Answer 13

Mother cell

Question 14

The figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are
arranged according to their homologous pairs

Answer 14

Karyotype

Question 15

A cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs

Answer 15

Diploid cell

Question 16

A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair

Answer 16

Haploid cell

Question 17

The total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell

Answer 17

Diploid number (2n)

Question 18

The number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell

Answer 18

Haploid number (n)

Question 19

The process by which a diploid (2n) cell forms gametes (n)

Answer 19

Meiosis

Question 20

Haploid cells (n) produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction

Answer 20

Gametes

Question 21

A non-cellular infectious agent that has two characteristics:

(1) It has genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protective protein coat.
(2) It cannot reproduce on its own.

Answer 21

Virus

Question 22

Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents

Answer 22

Antibodies

Question 23

A weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body’s production of antibodies which can aid in destroying the pathogen

Answer 23

Vaccine

Question 24

If an organism has a certain characteristic that is always passed on to its offspring, we say that this organism bred true with respect to that characteristic.

Answer 24

True breeding

Question 25

One of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes

Answer 25

Allele

Question 26

Two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait

Answer 26

Genotype

Question 27

The observable expression of an organism’s genes

Answer 27

Phenotype

Question 28

A genotype in which both alleles are identical

Answer 28

Homozygous genotype

Question 29

A genotype with two different alleles

Answer 29

Heterozygous genotype

Question 30

An allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype

Answer 30

Dominant allele

Question 31

An allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele

Answer 31

Recessive allele

Question 32

A diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations

Answer 32

Pedigree

Question 33

A cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait

Answer 33

Monohybrid cross

Question 34

A cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits

Answer 34

Dihybrid cross

Question 35

Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual

Answer 35

Autosomes

Question 36

Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

Answer 36

Sex chromosomes

Question 37

A protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody

Answer 37

Antigen

Question 38

Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome

Answer 38

Autosomal inheritance

Question 39

A person who is heterozygous in a recessive genetic disorder

Answer 39

Genetic disease carrier

Question 40

Inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes

Answer 40

Sex-linked inheritance

Question 41

A radical chemical change in one or more alleles

Answer 41

Mutation

Question 42

A situation in which a chromosome loses or gains genes during meiosis

Answer 42

Change in chromosome structure

Question 43

A situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis lead to either none of a particular chromosome in the gamete or more than one chromosome in the gamete

Answer 43

Change in chromosome number