10/8/12 Flashcards
What 2 findings, other than muscle wasting, are commonly found in myotonic dystrophy?
cataracts and cardiac conduction defects
Alk phos is most commonly elevated in diseases of the _______ or _______.
bone or liver
What lab value should be assessed to differentiate liver from bone etiology when the alk. phos. is moderately increased?
γ-glutamyl transpeptidase
What, again, is the main function of the HCG produced by the placenta in pregnancy?
to keep the corpus luteum producing progesterone
Which cholinergic receptors are present on the SA node? (They are only found here!)
M2
Which of the 3 primary germ cell layers do the pharyngeal clefts give rise to?
ectoderm
Which of the 3 primary germ cell layers do the pharyngeal arches give rise to? What else?
mesoderm and neural crest
Which of the 3 primary germ cell layers do the pharyngeal pouches give rise to?
endoderm
Branchial cysts result from the incomplete obliteration of what embryonic structure? Be specific?
2nd or 3rd pharyngeal cleft (aka groove)
What factors does H. influenzae require to grow on culture?
NAD and hematin (factors V and X)
What are the 2 ways in which to provide factors V and X for H. influenzae growth on blood agar?
gentle heating or growth w/ beta-hemolytic organism (e.g. S. aureus)
What bacteria usu. requires cold temps to grow?
Listeria
What are the signs of primary toxoplasma infection?
fever, lymphadenopathy
What visual field defect would be caused by a lesion of the right optic tract?
left homonymous hemianopia
What visual field defect would be caused by a lesion of the left lateral geniculate nucleus?
right hoonymous hemianopia
What visual field defect would be caused by a lesion of the left temporal lobe?
right upper quadrantopia
What visual field defect would be caused by a lesion of the whole left side of the occipital lobe?
right homonymous hemianopia w/ macular sparing
Where do you best hear the systolic murmur of a ASD?
pulmonic area
What is the typical description of the heart on X-ray in ToF?
boot-shaped heart
What are the first line treatments in hypoparathyroidism?
calcium gluconate or Vit D (ergocalciferol, calcitriol, or calcifediol)
What is pamidronate used for?
to Tx HYPERcalcemia
What is the main mechanism of action of amphetamines?
induction of NE release
What 3 major nerves arise from the C5 and C6 nerve roots?
musculocutaneous, axillary, and suprascapular
What major nerve arises from the C8 and T1 nerve roots - those affected by Klumpke’s palsy?
ulnar and median
