10 Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems Flashcards by Lindsay Kirkpatrick

Diseases of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems are characterized by ____

Microbial type

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Sepsis is the presence of ____ or ____

Microbes
Toxins

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What is septic shock?

Life-threatening hypotensive event caused by endotoxins (disseminated intravascular clotting) or exotoxins in which blood vessels collapse

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What is septicaemia?

Infection caused by rapid multiplication of pathogens

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What is endocarditis?

Infection of the heart

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What is thrombophlebitis?

Infection of the veins

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What is endoarteritis?

Infection of the arteries

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What is the most virulent bacterial infection ever known?

Plague

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How does plague spread?

Lymph nodes -> blood -> lungs

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Transmission of bubonic plague

Bite of rat flea: Xenopsylla cheopis

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Reservoir of bubonic plague

Rats, prairie dogs

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Etiologic agent of bubonic plague

Yersinia pestis

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Pathogenesis of bubonic plague

incubation period: 2-7 days
fever & buboes (swollen lymph nodes)
septic shock: death in one week

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Septicemic plague occurs when…

Bacteria overwhelm lymph nodes and enter systemic circulation

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Signs & symptoms of septicemic plague

hypotension
fever
hepatomegaly
delirium
seizures
may die without manifestation of symptoms

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What is the most deadly form of plague? When does death occur?

Pneumonic plague
Within 24-48 hrs

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Transmission of pneumonic plague

Inhalation of respiratory droplets

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What is the scientific name of “rabbit fever?”

Tularemia

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Etiologic agent of tularemia

Francisella tularensis

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Etiologic agent of tularemia

Francisella tularensis

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Transmission of tularemia

Infection of wild animals transmissible to humans
- tick bite
- ingestion of contaminated meat or water
- direct contact (abrasion or cut)
- inhalation

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Transmission of tularemia

Infection of wild animals transmissible to humans
- tick bite
- ingestion of contaminated meat or water
- direct contact (abrasion or cut)
- inhalation

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Pathogenesis of tularemia

incubation: 2-5 days
ulcerated lesion forms at infection site
deeper within tissue granulomas form

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Name 3 types of tularemia

ulcerogoandular
oculogoandular
typhoidal

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Name 3 types of tularemia

- ulcerogoandular - oculogoandular - typhoidal

What is brucellosis?

Infection of reproductive tract of cows

What is brucellosis?

Infection of reproductive tract of cows

Etiologic agent of brucellosis

Brucella species

Transmission of brucellosis to humans

- occupational contact - ingestion of contaminated animal products (dairy, meat) - cuts in skin - contact with mucus membrane - inhalation

Pathogenesis of brucellosis

- 1-3 weeks post-incubation: drenching night sweats & fever (up to. 40°/104°) - headaches - body aches - weight loss - splenomegaly - hepatomegaly - lymohadenopathy

Vector of Lyme disease

Deer tick (lxodes dammini)

Etiologic agent of Lyme disease

Borrelia burgdorferi

Reservoir of Lyme disease

Mice

Disease cycle of Lyme disease involves…

Ticks, mice, deer Humans are incidental hosts

Signs & symptoms of acute Lyme disease

Fever Migratory bull’s eye rash (erythema migrans) Muscle aches Joint pain Meningeal irritation

Pathogenesis of acute Lyme disease

- primary lesions appear in 1st month - if untreated, lesions disappear but other symptoms may persist for months

Pathogenesis of chronic Lyme disease

- secondary infective stage may begin days, weeks, or months later - meningitis - facial n palsy - peripheral n destruction - myocarditis - cardiomegaly

Pathogenesis of later stage Lyme disease

- neurologic & cardiovascular symptoms resolve spontaneously within weeks - may see CNS involvement: memory, mood, sleep disorders - disabling arthritis can begin weeks to years after infection (predominantly knee; erosion of bone)

What disease is known as “the great imitator” and is rarely fatal but if untreated can be a source of chronic ill death?

Lyme disease

Etiologic agent of relapsing fever

Borrelia species

Vectors of relapsing fever

Ticks or body lice

Primary symptoms of relapsing fever

Fever Muscle pain Weakness

What is found during periods of relapse and remission of relapsing fever?

Relapse: spirochetes in blood Remission: spirochetes sequester in organs

Compare the vectors of relapsing fever

Tick: 2-3 relapses, fatalities rare Louse: 10+ relapses, 40% mortality if untreated, death due to myocarditis, cerebral hemorrhage, or liver failure

Rickettsial infections are characterized by…

Fever Rash Muscle aches

Etiologic agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Rickettsia rickettsia

Vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Ticks

What is the most characteristic feature of Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

Rash: - appears on soles, palms, wrists, ankles - moves TOWARDS torso - develops of 3rd day - often mistaken for measles in children

Etiologic agent of endemic typhus

Rickettsia typhi

Vector of endemic typhus

Rat flea: xenopsylla cheopis

Reservoir of endemic typhus

Rats

What is the most characteristic feature of endemic and epidemic typhus?

rash forms on torso and moves to extremities

the presence of viruses in the blood is called ____

viremia

epstein-barr virus is also known as ____, and has an affinity for ____

human herpes virus 4 (HHV4) B lymphocytes

etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis and Burkitt's lymphoma

EBV (HHV4)

most common vector of arboviruses

mosquito

target organ of yellow fever

liver

chief symptom of yellow fever

jaundice (ichteric) (causes necrosis of hepatocytes)

major complication of yellow fever

hemorrhage

Breakbone fever is known as ____

dengue fever

vector or dengue fever

aedes aegypti mosquito

symptoms of dengue fever

- fever - rash - severe pain in back, head, muscles, joints severe: shock, pleural effusion, hemorrhage, death

what are the only 2 filoviruses that infect humans? which is more deadly?

ebola > marburg

transmission, vector, and reservoir of ebola

- person to person - unknown vector & reservoir

where does ebola cause rapid hemorrhaging?

- skin - mucus membranes - liver - lymphoid tissue - kidneys - gonads

what is the south american form of trypanosomiasis?

Chagas' Disease

etiologic agent of chagas' disease

trypanosoma cruzi

vector of chagas' disease

feces of reduvid (kissing bug)

what cells are most susceptible to chagas' disease?

cardiomyocytes skeletal m cells glial n cells

most chagas' disease infections are in what population?

children

etiologic agent of chronic african sleeping sickness

trypanosoma brucei gambiense

vector of african sleeping sickness (acute & chronic)

tsetse fly

clinical manifestation & target of chronic african sleeping sickness?

Manifests as narcolepsy Target: CSF & meninges

etiologic agent of acute african sleeping sickness

trypanosoma brucei rhodiense

clinical manifestation of acute african sleeping sickness

- coma - convulsions - death within 4 mo of infection (targets brain)

what are the 2 parasites of filariasis?

Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi

filariasis inhabits the ____

lymphatic systems (eggs grow and cause blockages)

pathogenesis of filariasis is caused by...

molting and dying worms which stimulate dilation of lymphatics, hyperplastic changes to vessel endothelium, infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils

10 Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

(78 cards)