AP chapter 9 2.0

Question 1

What 2 major types of cells are found in the nervous system and what do they do

Answer 1

neurons and glia …. neurons conduct impulses while glia are supporting cells

Question 2

Each neuron consists of 3 parts :

Answer 2

#1 a main part called a neuron cell body
#2 one or more branching projections called dendrites
#3 and one elongated projection known as an axon

Question 3

___ are the process or projections that carry impulses to the neuron cell bodies

Answer 3

dendrites

Question 4

___ are the process that carry impulses away from the neuron cell bodies

Answer 4

axons

Question 5

___ carry impulses to the spinal cord and brain from all parts of the body. They are also called afferent neurons

Answer 5

sensory neurons

Question 6

___ carry impulses in the opposite direction - away from the brain and spinal cord. They do not conduct impulses to all parts of the body - only to two kinds of tissue - muscle and glandular epithelial tissue. They are also called efferent neurons

Answer 6

Motor neurons

Question 7

Glia - or ___ - do not specialize in transmitting impulses. Instead, they are special types of supporting cells

Answer 7

neurogloia

Question 8

What are functions of Glia

Answer 8

#1 hold the functioning neurons together and protect them
#2 regulation of neuron function
#3 bring the various functions of nervous tissue together into a coordinated whole

Question 9

Some glia cells are relatively large cells that look somewhat like stars because of the threadlike extensions that jut out from their surfaces. They attach to neurons and to small blood vessels, holding these structures close to each other

Answer 9

astrocytes

Question 10

Astrocyte branches form a two layer structure called the ___. It separates the blood tissue and nervous tissue to protect vital brain tissue from harmful chemicals that might be in the blood

Answer 10

blood brain barrier (BBB)

Question 11

___ remain stationary, but in inflamed or degenerating brain tissue, they enlarge, move about, and act as micro eating scavengers. They surround the microbes, draw them into their cytoplasm and digest them

Answer 11

Microglia

Question 12

The ___ help to hold nerve fibers together and they produce the fatty myelin sheath that envelops nerve fibers located in the brain and spinal cord (myelin sheath affects nerve conduction speed)

Answer 12

oligodendrocytes

Question 13

___ are glial cells that also form myelin sheaths but do so only in the PNS

Answer 13

schwann cells

Question 14

Neurons with myelin-wrapped axons are called

Answer 14

myelinated fibers

Question 15

___ are gaps between adjacent Schwann cells

Answer 15

nodes of the river

Question 16

The outer wrapped layer of a Schwann cell is called the

Answer 16

neurilemma

Question 17

A ___ is a group of peripheral nerve fibers (axons) bundled together like the strands of cable

Answer 17

nerve

Question 18

Each axon in a nerve is surrounded by a thin wrapping of fibrous connective tissue called the

Answer 18

endoneurium

Question 19

Groups of wrapped axons are called

Answer 19

fascicles

Question 20

Each fasicle is surrounded by a thin fibrous ___

Answer 20

perineurium

Question 21

A tough fibrous sheath called the ___ covers the whole nerve

Answer 21

epineurium

Question 22

Brain and spinal cord tissue composed of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons and dendrites is called ___

Answer 22

gray matter

Question 23

Nerve impulses are also called ___

Answer 23

action potentials

Question 24

What are the three kinds of neurons

Answer 24

sensory, interneurons, motor

Question 25

impulse conduction normally starts in ___, they are the beginnings of dendrites of sensory neurons

Answer 25

receptors

Question 26

Where are the sensory receptors located

Answer 26

in the quadriceps muscle group

Question 27

A ___ is a group of nerve cell bodies located in the PNS

Answer 27

ganglion

Question 28

A microscopic space separates the axon ending of one neuron from the dendrites of another neurons. This gap serves as a junction between nerve cells called a ___

Answer 28

synapse

Question 29

What 3 are the brain stem made up of

Answer 29

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

Question 30

What is the diencephalon made up of

Answer 30

hypothalamus, thalamus, pineal gland

Question 31

What are the major divisions of the brain

Answer 31

Brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum