4.1 Classification of skills

Question 1

What is the simple-complex continuum

Answer 1

amount of decisions that have to be made to perform a skill

Question 2

What is a complex skill
-give example

Answer 2

-lots of decisions to make
in order to perform the skill require concentration

• e.g.pass in hockey

Question 3

What is a simple skill
-give example

Answer 3

-hardly any decisions to make

-E.g. a sprint start in swimming

Question 4

What is the open-closed continuum

Answer 4

effects of environment on skills

Question 5

What is an open skill
-give example

Answer 5

-skill is affected by the environment

-movements that have to be constantly adapted depending on what’s happening around you.

-E.g. pass in football depends where your team mates and opposition are

Question 6

What is a closed skill
-give example

Answer 6

not affected by environment- predictable movement.

-E.g. a free throw in basketball

Question 7

What is the pacing continuum

Answer 7

refers to the timing of movements

Question 8

What are self-paced skills
-give example

Answer 8

where performer controls speed/ timing at which the skill is performed.

-E.g. Javelin throw

Question 9

What are externally-paced skills
-give example

Answer 9

where environment (opponent) controls speed/timing of skill performed.

-E.g. receiving a serve in badminton

Question 10

What is the gross-fine skills continuum

Answer 10

concerned with the precision of movement

Question 11

What are gross skills

Answer 11

involve large muscle movements

-skills are not precise
-e.g. shot put

Question 12

What are fine skills

Answer 12

involve small muscle movements

-require precision,

-e.g. throwing a dart

Question 13

What is the discrete- serial- continuous continuum

Answer 13

how well defined the beginning and end of skill are

Question 14

What are discrete skills

Answer 14

-clear beginning and end
-sing, specific skill
-e.g. penalty flick in hockey

Question 15

What are serial skills

Answer 15

• involve set of discrete skills put together to create one movement

-e.g. triple jump

Question 16

What are continuous skills

Answer 16

-don’t have a clear beginning and end
-same action repeated.
- E.g. cycling

Question 17

What is the high-low organistaion continuum

Answer 17

way in which skill is organised

Question 18

What are high orgasnisation skills

Answer 18

-skills that are difficuklt to break down into sub routunes

-e.g. dribbling the ball in basketball

Question 19

What are low orgasnisation skills

Answer 19

-skills that are easy to seperate into sub-royutines

-e.g. tennis serve

Question 20

What is whole practice

Answer 20

skill is practiced without breaking it down into sub-routines- skill carried out in its complete form

-good for high organisation and continuous skills- which are hard to break down into sub-routines

-e.g. golf swing

Question 21

What is part practice
-when is it used?
-why is it used?
-practical example?

Answer 21

skill is broken down into sub routines- particular part of skill is practiced and improved

-good for low organisation skills- easy to break into sub-routines
-good for dangerous, complex tasks

-allows performers to gain confidence

-e.g. practising backswing only in tennis serve

Question 22

What is whole part whole practice
-when is it used?
-why is it used?
-practical example?

Answer 22

whole skill is practised- then practise sub-routines in parts- then put sub-routines back together and practise whole skill again

-good for low organisation and serial skills where skill can be easily split into sub-routines

-used to recognise strengths, weaknesses

-e.g. practise whole swimming stroke, then leg kick in isolation with float, then practise whole swim stroke again

Question 23

What is progressive part practice
-when is it used?
-why is it used?
-practical example?

Answer 23

chaining-skill is broken down into sub-routines- performer learns one link- first link is practiced, second link is practiced and then practised together

-low organisation and serial skills- easy to break down into sub-routines
-complex skills -> reduces info overload

-helpful to allow performer to learn links between subroutines & transfer these into whole skill

-e.g.gymnastic floor routine

Question 24

What is massed practice
-when is it used?
-why is it used?
-practical example?

Answer 24

continuous practice session -> no rest

-used with highly motivated performers with good fitness

-used to stimulate elements of fatigue

-e.g. basketball players practising their shots by doing drills involving shooting from diff positions around the D

Question 25

What is distributed practice
-when is it used?
-why is it used?
-practical example?

Answer 25

involves regular rest intervals

-used with continuous skills
-used with beginners/ low fitness ppl

-used for players to receive feedback
-helps maintain motivation
-good for dangerous/ complex skills

-e.g. swimmer swims width, then rests while teacher gives feedback

Question 26

What is fixed practice
-when is it used?
-why is it used?
-practical example?

Answer 26

practising specific movement pattern in a stable and predictable environment

-used with closed skills that require specific movement patterns to become overlearned

-used to allow skills to become habitual & automatic
-used in events where conditions never change

-e.g. practising a javelin throw

Question 27

What is varied practice

Answer 27

when skill is practised in varying/ a range of environments

-used with open skills

-allows development of experiences in long-term memory
-develops performers decision making skills

e.g. small sided game in football

Question 28

What are sub routines

Answer 28

elements/ separate movements that make up a skill

Question 29

What is kinaesthetic sense