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pe > 7.2- Altitude and heat > Flashcards

7.2- Altitude and heat Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of altitude

A

the height/ elevation of an area above sea level

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2
Q

Why must athletes prepare for differing environmental conditions

A

differing environmental conditions affect efficiency of cardiovascular, respiratory systems

-this can affect performance & health of athletes

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3
Q

What is BAROMETRIC PRESSURE ?

A

the PRESSURE exerted by the earth’s ATMOSPHERE at any given point

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4
Q

What happens at high altitude to oxygen

A

rate of O2 diffusion decreases = reducing Hb saturation = poor O2 transportation

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5
Q

What are the consequences of altitude ?

A
  • breathing frequency increase
  • blood volume decreases
  • SV decrease -> ^ HR
  • maximal HR, SV, Q decrease
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6
Q

What is the ultimate outcome of the effects of altitude ?

A
  • reduced aerobic capacity and VO2 Max
  • increased lactic acid production
  • early fatigue
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7
Q

What is ACCLIMATISATION ?

A

gradual ADAPTATION to a CHANGE in the ENVIRONMENT

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8
Q

What are the 4 benefits of acclimatisation ?

A
  • release of erythropoietin -> ^ red blood cell production

-breathing rate, ventilation stabilise

  • SV and Q reduce

-altitude sickness = reduced

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9
Q

What is the normal body temperature ?

A

37oC

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10
Q

What is THERMOREGULATION ?

A

process of MAINTAINING internal core temperature

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11
Q

What are THERMORECEPTORS ?

A

SENSORY RECEPTORS which sense a CHANGE in temperature and RELAY information to the brain

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12
Q

What is DEHYDRATION ?

A

loss of WATER in BODY TISSUE, largely caused by SWEATING

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13
Q

What happens when core temp rises ?

A

metabolic heat is transported by CIRCULATING BLOOD to the surface of the skin for EVAPORATION (sweat)

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14
Q

How does low humidity affect sweating ?

A

increases sweating

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15
Q

Why is sweating beneficial for the body when hot?

A

-has cooling effect on body

-it removes excess heat quickly

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16
Q

How does high humidity affect sweating ?

A

decreases sweating

17
Q

What is HYPERTHERMIA ?

A

significantly raised core body temperature

18
Q

What are the 3 causes of raised body temp ?

A
  • high and prolonged intensity
  • high air temps
  • high relative humidity
19
Q

What causes cardiovascular drift ?

A

prolonged exercise in heat -> ^ rate of muscular contraction -> metabolic heat -> it not removed quick enough to maintain core temp

20
Q

What is CARDIOVASCULAR DRIFT ?

A

upward drift in HR during SUSTAINED steady-state activity

-associated with rise in body temp

21
Q

What are the effects of heat on the cardiovascular system ?

A
  • dilation of arterioles, capillaries -> ^ blood flow & pooling in the limbs
  • decreased blood volume, venous return, SV, Q, blood pressure -> ^ HR, reduced O2 to muscles, ^ strain on CV system
22
Q

What are the effect of heat on the respiratory system ?

A
  • dehydration, drying of airways -> difficulty breathing -> ^ mucus production, constriction of airways

-^ breathing freq to maintain o2 consumption -> ^ oxygen cost of exercise

23
Q

Name 2 pre-competition strategies to maximise performance in heat and humidity

A

-7-14 days acclimatisation in same conditions to ^ bodys tolerance to heat

-using cooling aids to reduce core temp & delay effects of dehydration

24
Q

Name 3 during competition strategies to maximise performance in heat and humidity

A

-pacing strategies

-wearing suitable clothing to maximise heat loss

-rehydrating as much as possible -> hypertonic, isotonic drinks

25
Q

Name 3 post competition strategies to maximise performance in heat and humidity

A

-cooling aids -> fans

-rehydrating to replace lost fluids -> isotonic, hypertonic

26
Q

Explain an overview of the effects of altitude on the cardiovascular & respiratory systems

A

as altitude ^ -> barometric pressure decreases

this has a negative impact on the oxygen diffusion gradient

-> reduces haemoglobin saturation -> poor transport of O2

-> causes:

blood vol to decrease
stroke vol decreases
cardiac output decreases
HR decreases

this reduces aerobic capacity, VO2 max -> impacting intensity & duration of performance

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