5.2- Group and team dynamics and goal setting in sport

Question 1

What is a group

Answer 1

collection of ppl who both share similar goals and interact with one another

Question 2

What is the forming-norming-performing model and what does it show

Answer 2

shows stages of group development

-forming; high dependence on leader for guidance, direction
-little agreement

-storming; group decisions are difficult - team members jostle for positions
-stronger sense of purpose

-norming; more agreement, consensus, roles, responsibilities clearer

-performing; team has more strategies, clearer vision, clearer aims
-no interefernce from leader

Question 3

What is team cohesion

Answer 3

force that binds a group together, helping to prevent faulty processes

Question 4

Name the 2 dimensions of cohesion according to Carron

Answer 4

-group integration -> how individuals feel about the group

-individual attraction to group- how individuals are attracted to the group

Question 5

Give an example of group cohesion

Answer 5

-south africa rugby team -> won 1955 world cup

-made up of individuals who had high regard for each other

Question 6

What is social loafing

Answer 6

when some individuals in a group lose motivation due to identitiy loss

Question 7

steiner group performance

Question 8

What is the ringelmann effect

Answer 8

when group sizes increase average individual performance decreases

• can be caused by motivational and co ordination losses

Question 9

Give a practical example of the ringelmann effect in hockey

Answer 9

hockey team penalty corner drill continues to break down as the timing of players involved doesn’t match

Question 10

latane

Question 11

Why is goal setting used

Answer 11

-increase motivation
-increase confidence

Question 12

Name 4 ways goal setting can affect perfomance

Answer 12

-directing attention - gives focus

-regulating amount of effort put into a given task

-ensuring effort is sustained until goal is reached

-motivating ppl to develop a variety of strategies to reach their goal

Question 13

What does SMART goal setting stand for

Answer 13

Specific- goals must be clear

Measurable- goals must be assessed

Achieveable- goals must be within reach

Recorded - goals must be monitored

Time-phased - goals should be split into short, long-term goals

Question 14

What are outcome goals

Answer 14

goals that are targets directed towards an end result

-e.g. winning a tournament

Question 15

What are perfomance goals

Answer 15

goals directed towards individuals end perfomance

-e.g. improve batting

Question 16

What are process-orientated goals

Answer 16

goals used to improve a skill often relating to technique

Question 17

What are motivational losses

Answer 17

happens when one or more members don’t give 100% effort due to a loss of motivation

Question 18

What are co-ordination losses

Answer 18

happens when the team interact poorly, or ineffective strategies are used in a game

Question 19

Name 3 faulty processes that can cause co-ordination losses

Answer 19

inadequate leadership inhibits teamwork

injury - can disrupt strategies

vague individual roles

Question 20

Name 3 faulty processes that cause motivational losses

Answer 20

Avoidance behaviour - loss of motivation as task may be too difficult

low self confidence

feeling that others aren’t trying

Question 21

Name 3 strategies to reduce social loafing

Answer 21

Ensure fitness levels are high

record games and provide individual player analysis

identify individual contributions

Question 22

What is Tuckman’s model

Answer 22

forming, storming, norming, performing

Question 23

How can you effectively set goals

Answer 23

-using general breakdown -> short-term goals to achieve long-term goals

Question 24

What is task cohesion

Answer 24

degree to which members of a group work together to achieve common goals

Question 25

What is social cohesion

Answer 25

the way people form social bonds, relate to each other, and get along

Question 26

What is Steiner’s Model of Actual Productivity

Answer 26

states that:

Actual productivity = potential productivity - losses attributable to faulty group processes

-potential productivity refers tp best possible performance of group - taking in resources, players

-losses refer to why teams fail; co-ordination, motivation issues

Question 27

Name the 2 causes of losses due to faulty processes

Answer 27

-co-ordination problems- e.g. if timing of team members doesn’t match, position error

-motivational problems- if players aren’t motivated they will withdraw effort