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p90x uworld > cardiac u world > Flashcards

cardiac u world Flashcards

1
Q

aortic regurge

A

decrescendo diastolic murmur

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2
Q

tertiary syphilis

A

vasa vasorum endarteritis “tree bark”

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3
Q

speed of heart

A

park at venture avenue
- purkinje
-atrial muscule
-ventricular muscle
-av node

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4
Q

sarcoidosis

A

non caseating granulomas

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5
Q

S3

A

sloshing in, heart failure

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6
Q

S4

A

a stiff wall - left ventricular hypertrophy (chronic hypertension)

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7
Q

diastolic murmurs

A

Mitral stenosis
aortic regurge

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8
Q

carotid body

A
  • afferent innervation of glossopharyngeal nerve (9)
  • arterial wall stretch as an indicator of blood pressure
  • inverse of contractility
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9
Q

cardiac pacemaker cells

A

mediated by calcium influx __|\_ as opposed to sodium influx by myocytes
__|—\_

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10
Q

VSD murmur

A

holocystolic murmur over left sternal border

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11
Q

CKMB and troponin release happens by

A

increased permeability of plasma membrane

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12
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy inheritance pattern

A

Autosomal dominant

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13
Q

pneumothorax effect on the heart

A

decreases venous return

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14
Q

leads for inferior heart attack

A

II, III, avF

usually R coronary artery

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15
Q

LAD heart attack leads

A

V2-V6

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16
Q

coarctation of aorta

A

increased blood flow through collateral blood vessels

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17
Q

patent ductus areriosus

A
  • leads to LVH from increased blood flow and RVH from increased blood flowing into the pulmonic vein causing increased right ventricular after load
  • can eventually cause eisenmeiger syndrome due to pulmonary hypertension
  • once pressure is so high in the right heart, blood from pulmonary artery can exit PDA to aorta and cause cyanosis
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18
Q

histology of hamartomas

A

disorganized mature connective tissue - fat and cartilaginous tissue

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19
Q

Why doesn’t ASD increase the size of the left heart?

A

Extra blood just goes back out the ASD and causes increase in right heart

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20
Q

ST elevation in Leads I and aVL

A

Left circumflex artery, lateral limb leads

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21
Q

TTN gene

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

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22
Q

beta myosin heavy chain defect

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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23
Q

artery that supplies SA, AV, and bundle of His

A

Right coronary artery

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24
Q

carotid sinus hypersensitivity

A

exaggerated vagal response stimulated by carotid baroreceptors which lead to slow heart rate and marked peripheral vasodilation with a resulting transient loss of cerebral perfusion

25
Q

holosystolic murmur in a baby

A

VSD

26
Q

non dihydropyridines

A

verapamil, diltiazem

27
Q

dihydropyridines

A

nifedipine, amlodipine

28
Q

dihydropyridines act on

A

smooth muscle

29
Q

heart conduction from fastest to slowest

A

park at venture avenue,

purkinje, atrial muscle, ventricles, AV node

(AV node is slowest)

30
Q

common carotid artery comes from which pharyngeal arch

A

3

31
Q

kawasaki disease

A

CRASH and BURN

conjuncitivitis
rash
adenopathy
strawberry tongue
fever

potential for coronary after aneurysm, children <5, medium vessel vasculitis

32
Q

MI in leads II, III, and avF

A

Right coronary artery

33
Q

when is clopidegril used?

A

for acute coronary syndrome

34
Q

decreased intensity of murmur happens during valsava maneuver of what condition

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

35
Q

Wet beri beri

A
  • Thiamine deficiency
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • dilated cardiomyopathy
36
Q

Dry beri beri

A

Peripheral neuropathy and thiamine deficiency

37
Q

head bobbing

A

aortic regurge

38
Q

Nitric oxide

A

Increased cGMP leading to vascular smooth muscle relaxation

39
Q

pacemakers are placed in the

A

atrioventricular groove

40
Q

age related degeneration of the SA node

A

sick sinus syndrome, located on the right atrial wall, bradycardia, sinus pauses

41
Q

dobutamine stress test

A

can diagnose coronary artery disease if the ejection fraction goes down

42
Q

severity of mitral stenosis

A

length of time between S2 and opening snap

43
Q

around the clock nitrate administration

A

can result in tolerance, so decrease the doses

44
Q

side effect of calcium channel blockers

A

peripheral edema

45
Q

why does squatting help in children with Tetrology of Fallot?

A

increases systemic vascular resistance, forces more blood into the RV to pump into the lungs (decreases R to L shunting)

46
Q

right dominant circulation

A

supplies both the RV and LV, if just isolated RV infarction with no LV infarction, its left dominant

47
Q

lipofuscin

A

yellow brown pigment composed of lysosomal breakdown products of lipid polymers and protein-complex phospholipids. Wear and tear and product of aging

48
Q

cystic medial degeneration of the aorta

A

myxomatous degernation with pooling of proteoglycans in the medial layer and intact intimal layer

49
Q

endurance training causes

A

eccentric hypertrophy on the heart

50
Q

during exercise

A

During exercise, sympathetic nervous system activity increases. Sympathetic stimulation of the heart leads to increased contractility. In addition, the sympathetic nervous system constricts veins. This pushes blood volume stored in the venous system to the heart thereby increasing preload to the left ventricle.

51
Q

during exercise ___ muscle blood flow increases significantly

A

During exercise, skeletal muscle blood flow increases significantly

52
Q

in tamponade

A

right atrium decreased in size, increased right atrial pressure, increased CVP (back flow from atrium), decreased SV

53
Q

hydralazine side effect

A

peripheral edema due to reflex sympathetic activation and stimulation of RAAS

54
Q

Mean arterial pressure

A

Diastolic + 1/3(systolic-diastolic)

55
Q

patent ductus arteriosis

A
  • initially left to right shunt that shunts more blood flow to the lungs -> causes pulmonary hypertension -> eisenmeiger syndrome with reversal to R to L shunt
  • shows distal extremity cyanosis
56
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

-drop in systolic blood pressure <10 mmHg during inspiration
- commonly seen in cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis

57
Q

car accident causes tearing of aorta where?

A

aortic arch right after BCS

58
Q

most common cause of aortic stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

59
Q

evolocumab

A

binds LDL receptor and prevents it from lysosomal degradation, thus keeping more LDL receptors on the liver surface to bind free LDL in the serum and decrease circulation in the blood

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