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p90x uworld > immunology uworld > Flashcards

immunology uworld Flashcards

1
Q

where is compliment made

A

in the liver

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2
Q

where is VDJ recombination

A

in the bone marrow

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3
Q

Howell jolly bodies

A

clusters of DNA remnants in splenic patients

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4
Q

target cells

A

increases surface area to volume ratio
-redundant erythrocyte folding on itself
-thalassemia
-iron deficiency
- splenectomy

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5
Q

erythrocyte production happens where

A

Young Liver Synthesizes Bone
- yolk sac (3 w)
-liver ( 6 w)
-spleen (10 w)
- bone marrow (18w)

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6
Q

megakaryocytes

A

synthesize platelets

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7
Q

macrophage activation

A

interferon gamma

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8
Q

petechiae

A

low platelets
-thrombocytopenia
-DIC, itp

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9
Q

kupferr cells

A

macrophage of liver

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10
Q

langerhans cells

A

macrophage of skin
- tennis racket shaped

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11
Q

multiple myeloma

A

plasma cell dyscrasia
- amyloid light chain
- bone marrow with >10% plasma cells

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12
Q

platelet plug formation

A
  • endothelial cell damage, transient vasoconstriction
  • vwf binds exposed collagen
  • platelets bind vwf with Gp1b and platelets do conformational change to release ADP, Ca2+, TXA2, helps platelets adhere to endothelium
  • ADP binds to p2y12 via GbIIbIIIa on platelet surface
    -aggregation of fibrinogen binds GpIIbIIIa
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13
Q

blanching in burns

A

mast cells release histamine

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14
Q

most abundant AA in collagen

A

glycine

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15
Q

iron is absorbed

A

duodenum and proximal jejunum

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16
Q

macrophage marker

A

CD14

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17
Q

hyper acute rejection

A
  • minutes to hours
  • T cell recognition of graft HLA components
  • graft immediately dies, gross mottling and cyanosis
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18
Q

acute transplant rejection

A
  • onset <6 months
  • exposure to donor antigen activates cell mediated immunity
  • dense interstitial lymphocytic infiltrates
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19
Q

epo produced in

A

peritubular interstitial cells

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20
Q

west nile virus

A

-acute confusion, fever, asymmetric lower extremity paralysis
-transmitted from bird to mosquito

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21
Q

microbes that ferment lactose

A

grow pink on macconkey agar
-klebsiella
-enterobacter
-serratia
-e coli

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22
Q

klebsiella most commonly seen in

A

alcoholics, abscess, aspirations

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23
Q

anti mitochondrial antibodies

A

primary biliary cholangitis

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24
Q

anti smooth mm antibodies

A

autoimmune hepatitis
middle aged women

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25
Q

poisonous mushrooms inhibit

A

RNA pol II - mRNA synthesis, death cap amantia

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26
Q

tumor lysis syndrome

A

precipitates in collecting ducts due to low pH

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27
Q

endomysial mononuclear infiltrate

A

anti tRNA synthetase antibodies (anti jo),
polymyositis
can’t reach over head
muscle biopsy confirms

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28
Q

rash in multiple stages of healing

A

varicella zoster

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29
Q

anaphylactic reactions

A

multisystem edema
widespread activation of mast cells and basophil degranulation
increased histamine and tryptase release

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30
Q

Fas ligand

A

Activation induced t lymphocyte death

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31
Q

Porphyria cutane tarda

A

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency

Skin erosions and hyperpigmentation due to photosensitivity

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32
Q

Acute intermittent porphyria

A

PBG deaminase deficiency

Abdominal pain and neuropsychiatric manifestation

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33
Q

Robertsonian translocation

A

14:21, Down syndrome

Up slanted palpebral fissures
Protruding tongue
Epicanthal folds
Meoitic non disjunction

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34
Q

Low set ears, webbed neck, broad spaced nipples, cardiac abnormalities- bicuspid aortic valve, streak ovaries, amenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome due to absence of paternally inherited chromosome

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35
Q

Cleft palates, cardiac defects-tetralogy of fallot , micrognanthia

A

DiGeorge syndrome

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36
Q

What must be known to do PCR

A

The nucleotide sequence (dna sequence) of the regions flanking the target exon

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37
Q

anti histone antibodies

A

drug induced lupus

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38
Q

anti centromere antibodies

A

limited scleroderma

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39
Q

limited scleroderma

A

CREST
- calcinosis
- raynauds
- esophageal dysmotility
- sclerodactyly
- telangiectasias

anti centromere antibody

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40
Q

anti Rho and La

A

Sjogrens syndrome

41
Q

green bruise

A

heme oxygenase

42
Q

classic galactosemia

A

deficiency of galactose-1-uridyl transferase
- vomiting, lethargy, jaundice, e coli sepsis
- switch to soy milk instead of breastmilk

43
Q

montelukast

A

antagonism of leukotriene receptor

44
Q

promoter region

A

function to initiate translation

45
Q

promoter region

A

function to initiate transcription

46
Q

hyperacute rejection

A

minutes to hours
- host T cells against HLA

47
Q

chronic rejection

A

interstitial fibrosis with scant inflammatory
months to years

48
Q

aspergilloma

A

fungus ball within a preexisting cavity
- colonizing

49
Q

leukocidin

A

staph aureus secretes leukocidin

50
Q

brain access with otitis media enters through

A

mastoid air cells

51
Q

serum sickness type __ hypersensitivity reaction

A

3

52
Q

serum sickeness occurs due to exposure with

A

monoclonal antibodies (rituximab), vaccines (rabies vaccine), nonhuman protein antitoxins (antivenom)

53
Q

Responsible for green color of pus in lung

A

Myeloperoxidase (remember the phagocytic burst)

54
Q

Coxiella Burnetti

A

Causes Q fever, myalgias, fatigue, retroorbital eye pain, animal feces

55
Q

IL 5

A

Eosinophils activation

56
Q

scotch tape test

A

enterobius vermicularis

57
Q

active infection of strongyloides in stool

A

rhabditiform larvae

58
Q

alanine uses _____ to become glutamate

A

a - ketoglutarate then glutamate then donates its N groups to make urea to be excreted by kidneys

alanine transfers nitrogen to the liver for disposal

59
Q

Candida antigen skin test

A

Type 4 hypersensitivity, cd4 and macrophages

60
Q

BCL 2 drug

A

increases activation of caspases, poke holes in mitochondrial membrane and release cytochrome c into the environment causing activation of caspases

61
Q

insulin brings potassium

A

inside cells, during diabetes

62
Q

cell surface marker for granulomas

A

CD14

63
Q

diffuse scleroderma antibody

A

anti scl 70

64
Q

TH1 cells

A

activate macrophages and CD8 T cells

65
Q

TH2 cells

A

activate B cells and promote class switching

66
Q

IL-12 deficiency

A

can’t activate TH0 to TH1 this can’t clear bacteria… treat with interferon gamma

67
Q

cytokines that trigger atopic dermatitis

A

IL4, IL13 (stimulation of IgE)

68
Q

microscopy for vibrio cholera

A

some mucus with no erythrocytes or lymphocytes

69
Q

monoclonal antibody against HER 2

A

trastuzumab - tyrosine kinase receptor

70
Q

shortest half life of the coagulation factors

A

factor 7

71
Q

Stimulates neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation

A

Leukotriene b4

72
Q

rash with mucosal involvement

A

Steven johnson

73
Q

fluticasone

A

apoptosis of tissue eosinophils

74
Q

binding and removal of circulating IgE

A

omalizumab

75
Q

Mumps can cause

A

Orchitis

76
Q

graft vs host disease

A

graft T cell sensitization against host MHC antigens. Skin, liver and GI tract most affected

77
Q

MHC I is found in

A

most nucleated cells in the body

78
Q

Sirolimus

A

Inhibits mTOR protein kinase. Normal a stimulator of cell growth and proliferation.

79
Q

what Hb does sickle cell trait have

A

can’t make HbA at all, so HbS and HbF (if on hydroxyurea)

80
Q

platelets in von wilibrand disease

A

normal, they just have impaired platelet aggregation

81
Q

ITP

A

thrombocytopenia, normal PT and PTT - peripheral destruction of platelets
- often follows a viral illness

82
Q

glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

A

rate limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, can’t convert to 6-phosphogluconate

83
Q

dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia

A

pellagra
- niacin deficiency
- synthesized by tryptophan

84
Q

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

A
  • major cause of renal insufficiency in kids
  • renal insufficiency, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
85
Q

meat that has E coli

A

undercooked beef

86
Q

telomerase

A

ribonucleoprotein that adds TTAGGG sequence

87
Q

chlamydia

A

no organisms, intracytoplasmic

88
Q

cancer commonly associated with EBV

A

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

89
Q

cytokines in atopic dermatitis

A

IL4 and IL 13

90
Q

cytokines in psoriasis

A

IL 17 and IL 23

91
Q

parasite in red blood cells

A

plasmodium and babesia

92
Q

aedes mosquito

A

vector for dengue and chikungunya virus

93
Q

dihydrohodamnine test

A

tests for phagocytosis

94
Q

cystic fibrosis is associated with which bacteria

A

burkholderia,pseudomonas

95
Q

negative nikolsky sign

A

bullous pemphigoid
- no mucosal involvement

96
Q

bacteria if CD4 <200 in HIV

A

PJP

97
Q

GGT suggests

A

liver pathology

98
Q

HbF contains

A

gamma globin instead of beta globin the first few months of life

p90x uworld (23 decks)

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