clin epi Flashcards
cross sectional study
snapshot in time, identifies the prevalence of a condition at a particular point in time, does not follow patients over time, only measures correlation
cohort study
- relative risk
- follows research participants overtime
case control
odds ratio is calculated
Usually retrospective
ecological study
measures populations not individuals
Hawthorne effect
tendency of study subjects to change their behavior as a result of awareness they are being studied
case series study
descriptive observational study in which usually a small group of patients with a similar diagnosis or treatment is described at a point in time or followed over a certain time period.
no control group
used in case control studies in order to control confounding
matching
ability to detect a difference when one exists
power = 1 - beta
compares the means of two groups
two sample t test
bell shaped distribution %s
68% of all values are within 1 std of the mean, 95% are within 2 std of the mean, 99.7
the probability of not having a disease when the test is negative
negative predictive value
phase of clinical trial that assess safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity, and maximal tolerated dose
phase I
phase of clinical trial that assess treatment efficacy, optimal dosing, and adverse effects in affected patients
phase II
phase of clinical trial where large numbers of affected subjects are randomly assigned to treatment
phase III
phase of clinical trial that addresses rare and long term adverse effects
phase IV
