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p90x uworld > repro > Flashcards

repro Flashcards

1
Q

cells responsible for aromatization of androstenedione to estrogens via aromatase

A

granulosa cells

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2
Q

DNA replication and synthesis of enzymes necessary for replication occurs during the

A

G1 phase

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3
Q

androgen binding protein

A

produced by Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules under direction of FSH
- facilitates spermatogenesis by binding to testosterone and concentrating it in the lumen of the tubules

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4
Q

converts testosterone to DHT

A

5 - alpha hydroxylase
- mediates development of external genitalia in males
- deficiency means males with virilization

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5
Q

21- hydroxlyase deficicency

A

virililzation in females not males

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6
Q

CFTR infertility is caused by

A

due to absent vas deferens

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7
Q

Sertoli cells suppress ____

A

female internal organ development by producing anti mullerian hormone

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8
Q

uterine leiomyoma

A

constipation(from fibroid pressure on the colon), pelvic pressure, irregularly enlarged uterus

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9
Q

testicular torsion

A
  • anatomic defect causing increased mobility of the testes
  • acute severe unilateral scrotal pain
  • scrotal edema and discoloration
  • high riding testicle
  • absent cremasteric reflex when stroking the ipsilateral thigh
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10
Q

prostatectomy can cause

A

erectile dysfunction due to accidental damage of the inferior hypogastric plexus

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11
Q

inflammatory breast cancer

A
  • peau d orange erythematous rash with dimpling over breast
  • cancerous cells obstructing lymphatic drainage/dermal lymphatic edema
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12
Q

5 alpha reductase inhibitors

A

finasteride, dutasteride
- block conversion of testosterone to DHT
- decrease prostate volume in benign prostatic hyperplasia and relieve bladder outlet obstruction

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13
Q

Fat necrosis

A

Trauma to breast, fibrosis and foamy cell infiltration, lymphocytosis

Fat Fucked up breast Fibrosis

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14
Q

Acute mastitis

A

Milk stasis in breastfeeding women, may be infected with staph aureus; continue breast feeding

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15
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

Most common benign breast tumor, cells in staghorn arrangement, size varies with estrogen exposure

FibROADenoma, road is where you find deer/stag

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16
Q

Intraductal papilloma

A

Serous/ bloody nipple discharge , usually unilateral, fibrovascular stalk

Duct of sewer (crime scene) that’s stalking victim and made bloody scene that’s serous/serious

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17
Q

Phyllodes tumor

A

Leaf like pattern

ChloroPHYL - in leaves

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18
Q

Ductal carcinoma in situ

A

Has e cadherin, myoepithelial layer, calcifications

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19
Q

Most common malignant breast tumor

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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20
Q

Invasive ductal carcinoma

A

Cannonball appearance, big nodule

Cannonball is very invasive

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21
Q

Paget disease of breast

A

-Arises from ductal carcinoma in situ
-Eczematous scaly lesion on breast
- intraepithelial adenocarcinoma
-Paget cells have clear halos (pageant girls wear halo crowns)

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22
Q

prostatectomy can result in

A

erectile dysfunction via loss of inferior hypogastric nerves and pelvic and sacral splanchnic nerves

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23
Q

action of LH

A

stimulates the release of testosterone from leydig cells

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24
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

A

systemic inflammatory response that occurs hours after injection of an antibiotic (ex. penicillin for syphilis) due to rapid lysis of spirochetes

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25
Q

angiomyolipomas are associated with

A

tuberous sclerosis

26
Q

para-aortic lymph nodes drain from

A

ovary and testes

27
Q

What throat structure can HPV affect?

A

True vocal cords

28
Q

bicornate uterus results from

A

failure of lateral fusion of paramesonephric ducts

29
Q

Ovarian torsion

A

Twisting of the infundibulopelvic ligament

30
Q

indirect inguinal hernia

A

failure of obliteration of the process vaginalis leads to a persistent connection between the scrotum and peritoneal cavity

31
Q

prolactin can inhibit

A

estrogen

32
Q

tamoxifen

A

selective estrogen receptor modulator, estrogen receptor antagonist in breast but estrogen receptor agonist in endometrium and bone

competitive inhibition of estriol binding to its receptor in the breast

33
Q

pulsatile GnRH

A

infertility, stimulates LH and FSH

34
Q

prostate cancer metastasizes to

A

the bone

35
Q

prostate adenocarcinoma is sensitive to

A

androgens

17 alpha hydroxylase inhibitors can decrease production of androgens to help treat it

36
Q

spironolactone and gynecomastia

A

blockade of testosterone (androgen) and its receptor

37
Q

Epispadias

A

Abnormal opening of penile urethra on dorsal surface of penis due to faulty positioning of genital tubercle. Hit your Eye when you pEe

38
Q

Hypospadias

A

More common than epispadias, abnormal opening of penile urethra on ventral surface of penis

39
Q

Penile straddle injury

A

Anterior urethral injury, blood accumulated in scrotum

40
Q

Erection

A

Parasympathetic nervous system S2-S4

41
Q

Ejaculation

A

Sympathetic T11-L2

42
Q

secretes testosterone

A

leading cells

43
Q

nulliparity

A

increases the risk of developing endometrial cancer

44
Q

pulsatile GnRH infusion

A

acts to increase FSH and LH - agonsit

45
Q

continuous GnRH infusion

A

acts as an antagonist to decrease FSH and LH

46
Q

lymph drainage from vagina

A

distal - inguinofemoral
proximal - internal iliac

47
Q

most common type of vulvar cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma
- ulcerative lesion or plaque on the labia

48
Q

mullerian agenesis

A

a congenital malformation characterized by a failure of the Müllerian duct to develop, resulting in a missing uterus and variable degrees of vaginal hypoplasia of its upper portion.

49
Q

no axillary or pubic hair

A

androgen insensitivity syndrome, absent (atretic) uterus, androgen resistance

50
Q

granulosa cell tumor

A

increased estrogen, Call Exner bodies (eosinophils)

51
Q

clomiphine

A

first line medication for ovulation induction in PCOS, blocks hypothalamic estrogen receptors -> increase GnRH -> increase FSH and LH

52
Q

HPV warts

A

condyloma accumulinata, no central nidus

53
Q

poxvirus

A

molluscum contagiosum, small firm rounded papule with central umbilication, intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in keratinocytes

54
Q

gardnerella vaginosis

A

over growth of anaerobic, gram variable rod, grayish white vaginal discharge, pH >4.5, clue cells, positive whiff test, tx with metronidizale or clindamycin

55
Q

Responsible for majority of cervical cancers

A

HPV 16 and 18

56
Q

Mechanism of HPV 16 and 18

A

Activation of E2F transcription factor

57
Q

adenomyosis

A

proliferation of endometrial glands within the myometrium, symmetric uterus

58
Q

aromatization of androstenedione to estrdiol

A

granulosa cells

59
Q

nonseminomatous germ cell tumors

A

high bHcG and AFP

60
Q

ulcerations in syphilis

A

primary chancre - secondary condyloma lata - tertiary gumma

61
Q

ulcerations in syphilis

A

primary chancre - secondary condyloma lata - tertiary gumma`

62
Q

secondary syphilis

A

Diffuse rash (palms & soles)
Lymphadenopathy (epitrochlear)
Condyloma latum
Oral lesions
Hepatitis

p90x uworld (23 decks)

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