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Anatomy > Axilla, Arm, and Cubital Fossa > Flashcards

Axilla, Arm, and Cubital Fossa Flashcards

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1
Q

Brachialis Innervation

A

Musculocutaneous nn.

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2
Q

Brachialis Origin

A

Distal anterior surface of humerus

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3
Q

Brachialis Insertion

A

Coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna

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4
Q

Brachialis Action

A

Main flexor of forearm

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5
Q

Biceps brachii Innervation

A

Musculocutaneous nn.

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6
Q

Biceps Brachii Origin (2)

A

Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle

Short head: Coracoid process

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7
Q

Biceps Brachii Insertion

A

Radial tuberosity of radius

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8
Q

Biceps brachii Action (2)

A

Flexes forearm and supination of radioulnar joints

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9
Q

Coracobrachialis Innervation

A

Musculocutaneous nn.

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10
Q

Coracobrachialis Origin

A

Tip of coracoid process

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11
Q

Coracobrachialis Insertion

A

Medial surface of humerus

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12
Q

Coracobrachialis Action (2)

A

Assists in flexion and adduction of the humerus

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13
Q

Triceps Innervation

A

Radial nn.

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14
Q

Triceps Origin (3)

A

Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head: Superior to radial groove of humerus
Medial head: Inferior to radial groove

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15
Q

Triceps Insertion

A

Olecranon process of ulna

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16
Q

Triceps Action

A

Extends forearm

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17
Q

6 Boundaries of Pyramidal Structure

A 
Med: Serratus anterior
Anterior: Pec major and minor
Post: Subscapularis, Teres major, and lat. dorsi
Lat: Humerus, coracobrachialis
Base: Axillary faschia, skin
Apex: Cervicoaxillary canal
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18
Q

3 Cervicoaxillary Canal Borders

A

Med: 1st rib
Ant: Clavicle and subclavius muscle
Post: Superior border of scapula

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19
Q

3 Parts of Axillary Artery

A

1st part: medial (proximal) to pec minor
2nd part: deep to muscle
3rd part: Lateral (distal) to muscle

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20
Q

Branch of 1st Part of Axillary Artery

A

Supreme Thoracic Artery

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21
Q

Supreme Thoracic Artery

A

Travels from axillary a. inferiorly and medially and basically supplies upper 2 rib spaces

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22
Q

Branches of 2nd Part of Axillary Artery

A

Thoracoacromial artery and Lateral thoracic artery

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23
Q

Thoracoacromial artery

A

Travels from axillary a. and Has 4 branches that go pectoral, acromial, deltoid, and clavicular

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24
Q

Lateral thoracic artery

A

Travels from axillary a. down with long thoracic nerve

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25
Branches on 3rd Part of Axillary Artery
Subscapular artery, anterior humeral circumflex artery, and posterior humeral circumflex artery
26
Axillary Vein (2)
Same description/naming as axillary artery, but can be multiple small ones traveling around a. known as venae comitantes
27
Tributaries of Axillary Vein
Same as axillary a. branches, + paired brachial veins
28
Roots of Brachial Plexus
5 Anterior Primary Rami (C5-T1)
29
Order of brachial plexus shit
Roots-Trunks-Divisions-Cords-Branches
30
3 Trunks of Brachial Plexus
Superior (C5 and C6), Middle (C7), and Inferior (C8 and T1)
31
Trunk-Division-Cord Progression (4)
Each trunk divides into ant. and post. division All posterior divisions become posterior cord Anterior superior division and anterior middle divisions become lateral cord Anterior inferior division becomes medial cord
32
Posterior Cord Termination (2)
Axillary Nerve (sup/lat) and Radial Nerve (post/med)
33
Posterior Cord Branches (Prox-Distal)
Upper subscapular nerve, Thoracodorsal nerve, Lower subscapular nerve
34
Upper Subscapular Nerve (Cord, Source, Target)
Posterior cord, C5/C6, subscapularis muscle
35
Thoracodorsal nerve (Cord, Source, Target)
Posterior cord, C6-8, latissimus dorsi
36
Lower Subscapular Nerve (Cord, Source, Targets)
Posterior cord, C5/C6, subscapularis and teres major
37
Lateral Cord Termination (2)
Musculocutaneous nerve and lateral head of the median nerve
38
Lateral Cord Branch
Lateral pectoral nerve
39
Lateral Pectoral Nerve (Cord, Source, Target)
Lateral cord, C5-C7, pectoralis major
40
Medial Cord Termination (2)
Ulnar nerve and medial head of median nerve
41
Medial Cord Branches (Prox-Distal)
Medial pectoral nerve, medial brachial cutaneous nerve, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
42
Medial Pectoral Nerve (Cord, Source, Targets)
Medial cord, C8/T1, pectoralis major and minor
43
Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve (Cord, Source, Target)
Medial cord, C8/T1, skin on arm
44
Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve (Cord, Source, Target)
Medial cord, C8/T1, skin on forearm
45
4 Specialized Branches of the Brachial Plexus (and their sources) Prox-Distal
Long Thoracic Nerve (C5-7) Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5) Nerve to Subclavius Muscle (C5, C6) Suprascapular Nerve (C5, C6)
46
5 Groups of Axillary Lymph Nodes
Apical, Central, Lateral, Subscapular, Pectoral
47
Apical Nodes (location, drainage, source)
Located near apex Give rise to subclavian lymphatic trunk All other axillary nodes drain into them
48
Central Nodes (location, drainage, source)
Along axillary vein beneath pectoralis minor Drain to apical nodes Receive lymph from other axillary nodes
49
Lateral Nodes (location, drainage, source)
Along lateral portion of axillary vein Pass lymph to central and apical nodes Drain arm, forearm, and hands
50
Subscapular Nodes (location, drainage, source)
Located on costal surface of subscapularis muscle Pass lymph to central and apical nodes Drain shoulder
51
Pectoral Nodes (location, drainage, source, and notable consideration)
Along lateral thoracic vein b/w pectorals Pass lymph to central and apical nodes Drain pectoral region and breast Sentinel nodes for breast that are initially checked for metastases
52
Two Kinds of Axilla Paralysis
Erb-Duchenne Paralysis | Klumpke's Paralysis
53
Erb-Duchenne Paralysis (2)
Upper trunk injuries (C5, C6) like falling on neck or pulling baby's head Shoulder/arm involvement - waiter's tip
54
Klumpke's Paralysis (2)
Lower trunk injuries (C8, T1) like traumatic pulling of arm | Hand involvement
55
Epicondyles (medial and lateral)
Little protrusions on each respective side at end of humerus
56
Supracondylar Ridges (medial and lateral)
Small ridges rising up humerus from respective epicondyles
57
Trochlea
Hourglass-shaped protrusion at medial anterior terminus of humerus which interacts with coronoid process of ulna
58
Coronoid Fossa
Depression above trochlea and adjacent to medial epicondryle
59
Capitulum
Bulbous protrusion at lateral anterior terminus of humerus which interacts with head of radius
60
Radial fossa
Depression above capitulum and adjacent to lateral epicondryle
61
Olecranon fossa
Deep triangular depression on posterior terminus of humerus which receives the olecranon
62
Groove for radial nerve
Travels superior/posterior to inferior/anterior down humerus, creating possibility of radial nerve damage upon humerus fracture
63
Trochlear Notch
Large depression at proximal terminus of ulna formed by olecranon and coronoid process to interact with trochlea
64
Coronoid Process
Process at anterior side trochlear notch on ulna that interacts with trochlea
65
Ulnar Tuberosity
Bump on ulna a little below coronoid process
66
3 Margins of Ulna
Anterior, posterior, interosseus
67
Styloid Process of Ulna
Protrusion on distal medial side of ulna
68
Head of Radius
Circular ring at proximal end of radius
69
Neck of Radius
Area between head and tuberosity of radius
70
Radial tuberosity
Bump on medial side of radius, below the head and neck
71
3 Margins of Radius
Anterior, posterior, interosseus
72
Ulnar Notch
Depression medial side of distal terminus of radius that interacts with ulna
73
Dorsal Tubercle
Largest, middle ridge on dorsal surface of distal radius
74
Styloid Process of Radius
Protrusion on distal lateral side of radius
75
6 Components of Elbow Joint
``` Double hinge (ginglymus) One articular capsule Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments along sides Annular ligament along bottom Proximal radioulnar joint Interosseus membrane ```
76
Cutaneous Innervation of Arm (3)
Mid/lower shoulder - sup. and inf. lateral brachial cutaneous nerves Lateral/posterior bicep area - Posterior brachial cutaneous nerve Tricep area - medial brachial cutaneous nerve
77
Cutaneous Innervation of Forearm (3)
Medial side - Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve Lateral side - Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve Middle posterior region - Posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve
78
Medial (ante)brachial cutaneous nerve source
Medial cord
79
Posterior (ante)brachial cutaneous nerve source
Radial nerve
80
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve source
Musculocutaneous nerve
81
Superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve source
Axillary nerve
82
Inferior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve source
Radial nerve
83
Cephalic Vein
Runs along superficial lateral arm, through cubital fossa, and empties into 1st (medial) part of axillary vein
84
Basilic Vein
Runs medially up arm, through cubital fossa until meets with brachial veins to form axillary vein
85
Median cubital vein
Links cephalic vein and basilic vein to make up inferior border of cubital fossa
86
Lymphatic Drainage of Upper Extremity (2)
Follows both superificial and deep venous drainage w/ nodes interspersed Drains into axillary lymph nodes
87
3 Muscles of Anterior (Flexor) Compartment of Arm (and the joints they cross)
``` Biceps brachii (shoulder and elbow) Coracobrachialis (shoulder) Brachialis muscle (elbow) ```
88
2 Muscles of Posterior (extensor) Compartment of Arm
Triceps brachii | Anconeus
89
3 Branches of Brachial Artery (proximal - distal)
Profunda brachii a. Superior ulnar collateral a. Inferior ulnar collateral a.
90
Termination of Brachial Artery
Bifurcates into radial a. and ulnar a. in cubital fossa
91
4 Boundaries of Cubital Fossa
Lat: Brachioradialis Med: Pronator teres Floor: Supinator and brachialis Roof: Bicipital aponeurosis and skin
92
8 Contents of Cubital Fossa (med-lat)
1. Pronator teres muscle 2. Bicipital aponeurosis 3. Median nerve 4. Ulnar artery 5. Tendon of biceps brachii muscle 6. Radial artery 7. Radial nerve 8. Brachioradialis muscle
93
4 Collateral Anastomoses (collateral/recurrent, med-lat)
1. Superior ulnar collateral artery/posterior ulnar recurrent artery 2. Inferior ulnar collateral artery/anterior ulnar recurrent artery 3. Middle collateral artery/interosseous recurrent artery 4. Radial collateral artery/radial recurrent artery

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