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Skull Flashcards

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1
Q

Layers of Scalp (superficial-deep)

A 
Skin
Connective tissue - dense
Aponeurosis - galea aponeurotica
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium - periosteum
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2
Q

Galea Aponeurotica

A

Aponeurosis connecting frontalis and occiptalis muscle

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3
Q

Pericranium

A

Connective tissue structure sitting right outside skull

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4
Q

2 Clinical Considerations of Scap

A

Dense connective tissue layer - lots of blood vessels and can’t fall back self, so head wounds are gaping holes with lots of blood
Loose connective tissue layer - “danger area of scalp,” can spread infections across entire scalp area and occasionally into brain

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5
Q

5 Arteries to Scalp (+ source/path)

A

Occipital - ext. carotid, back of skull
Posterior auricular - ext. carotid, behind ear
Superficial temporal - ext. carotid, in front of ear
Supraorbital - int. carotid, side of nose/eye socket
Supratrochlear - int. carotid, just medial to supraorbital a.

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6
Q

Anastomosis b/w External and Internal Carotid A.s

A

Supraorbital + supratrochlear (internal carotid) and superficial temporal (ext. carotid)

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7
Q

6 Innervators of Scalp (and source/roots) (post-ant)

A 
Greater occipital n. - cervical n., C2/3
Lesser occipital n. - cervical n., C2/3
Auriculotemporal n. - trigeminal n., V
Zygomaticotemporal n. - trigeminal n., V
Supraorbital n. - trigeminal, V
Supratrochlear n., - trigeminal, V
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8
Q

Fontanels

A

Soft spots in newborns to allow cranial growth

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9
Q

Flat Bone Structure (3)

A

Outer table, diploe marrow space, inner table

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10
Q

Skull Bone Structure

A

22 bones make up skull
Flat bone
Formed by mesenchymal, NOT endochondral bone growth

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11
Q

Foramina

A

Allow passage of nerves/vessels in and out of skull

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12
Q

3 Depressions in Base of Skull

A

Anterior, middle, and posterior fossa

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13
Q

Crista galli

A

Ridge along midline of anterior fossa where dura mater attaches

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14
Q

Cribiform plate of ethmoid bones

A

Holey region around crista galli in anterior fossa where CN I sends its nerve fibers through

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15
Q

Sella turcica

A

“Saddle” structure in medial part of middle fossa where pituitary gland sits

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16
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

Just anterior/lateral to sella turica, carries nerves and vessels into/out of orbit

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17
Q

Orbital Canal

A

Space b/w sella turcica and superior orbital fissure that carries optic n. (II) in/out of orbit

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18
Q

3 Foramen of Middle Fossa (anteromedial-posterolateral)

A

Foramen rotundum, ovale, and spinosum

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19
Q

Carotid canal

A

Posteromedial to 3 foramen of middle fossa, where internal carotid a. runs

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20
Q

Trigeminal Impression

A

On lateral wall of sella turcica in middle fossa, site of trigeminal ganglion

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21
Q

Trigeminal Ganglion (3)

A

Dorsal root ganglion, pseudounipolar sensory cell bodies

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22
Q

Tegmen Tympani

A

At border of middle/posterior fossa, Sits on top of petros ridge to form roof of tympanic cavity

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23
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Huge foramen in posterior fossa where spinal cord/vertebral a.s run through

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24
Q

Internal acoustic meatus

A

Space where CN 7 and 8 run through, kind of on posterior fossa side of tegmen tympani

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25
Jugular foramen
Where internal jugular v. begins and CN IX,X, XI run through, large foramen just lateral to foramen magnum
26
Hypoglossal foramen
Small foramen on lateral border of foramen magnum, carries hypoglossal n. (XII) through it
27
Grooves for Dural Venous Sinuses
Grooves running around edge of posterior foramen, venous drainage sites for brain
28
Dural Venous Sinuses
Blood drainage but not true veins, more a tent of dura mater with just endothelial lining
29
Dura mater
Tough outside layer of meninges that tightly adheres to skull
30
4 Layers of Cranial Meninges (superficial - deep)
Dura mater Arachnoid - subarachnoid space Pia mater
31
Formation of Dural Venous Sinus
Dura mater splits and half goes down and fuses together while half just runs straight across, forming a triangular space blood can travel in
32
Arachnoid granulations
Tufts of arachnoid projecting into dura mater/dural venous sinus and drains cerebrospinal flood into dural venous sinus as well
33
Falx cerebri
Midline invagination of dura mater, attaches on crista galli
34
Tentorium cerebelli
Posterior invaginations of dura matera separating cerebellum and cerebrum
35
Diaphragma sella
Connection of dura mater running around pituitary gland and holding it in place
36
Lateral lacunae
lateral projections of dural sinus triangle
37
Superior sagital sinus
Superior middle DVS, runs at falx cerebri split
38
Inferior sagital sinus (2)
DVS that runs at inner, free edge of falx cerebri and joins Great Cerebral v. to form straight sinus
39
Great Cerebral v. (of Galen)
Runs kind of in middle of brain (around pineal gland) and meets inferior sagital sinus to form straight sinus
40
Straight sinus
DVS that runs from inferior sagital sinus-greater cerebral v. junction and runs along where falx cerebri and tentatorium cerebelli meet
41
Confluence of sinuses (4)
Where straight, superior sagital, transverse, and small occiptal sinuses all meet on posterior skull
42
Transverse sinuses
Run along tentatorium cerebelli from confluence of the sinuses to drain into sigmoid sinus
43
Sigmoid sinus
S-shaped sinus on base of skull that drains into internal jugular v. at jugular foramen
44
Opthalmic veins
Drain from anterior orbit and form cavernous sinuses
45
Cavernous sinuses
Big sinuses on either side of pituitary and terminate into superior and inferior petrosal sinus
46
Intercavernous (circular) sinus
Runs around pituitary and acts as conduit b/w cavernous sinuses
47
Inferior Petrosal Sinus
Goes from cavernous sinus straight to jugular foramen
48
Superior Petrosal Sinus
Comes off cavernous sinus and goes over to juncture of transverse and sigmoid sinuses
49
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Clot in cavernous sinus, can damage structures running through there
50
"Danger Area" of Face
Triangle at front of face that zit infections can spread to cause cavernous sinus thrombosis
51
2 Blood Supply Systems to Brain
Vertebral system - vertebral a.s | Carotid system - internal carotid a.
52
Basilar Artery
Fusion of vertebral a.s after they bend medially through foramen magnum
53
Internal carotid a.
Travels through carotid canal and cavernous sinus and supplies brain
54
Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis)
Circular arterial loop connecting vertebral and carotid systems of brain (interal carotid a.s and basilar a.)
55
6 Components of Cerebral Arterial Circle
``` Anterior communicating a. Anterior cerebral arteries Internal carotid arteries Posterior communicating a.s Posterial cerebral a.s Basilar a. ```
56
Anterior communicating a.
Connects anterior cerebral a.s
57
Anterior cerebral a.s
Anterior branches of internal carotid a.s to form cerebral arterial circle
58
Posterior communicating a.s
Come off each interal carotid a.s and run posteriorly to join posterior cerebral a.s
59
Posterior cerebral a.s
Terminating branches of basilar a.s, flare out laterally
60
2 Structures in Middle of Cerebral Arterial Circle
Pituitary gland flanked by each optic nerve
61
6 Structures running through Cavernous Sinus
``` Oculomotor N. (III) Trochlear n. (IV) Internal carotid a. Abducens n. (VI) Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal n. (V1) Maxillary branch of trigeminal n. (V2) ```
62
2 Structures Running through Foramen Spinosum
Middle meningeal a./v.

Anatomy (28 decks)

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