chap 15 Flashcards
The first and second lines of defense against microbial invasion are part of
innate immunity
The second line of defense against invading microbes includes
phagocytic white blood cells
Response to specific pathogens that can improve with subsequent exposure is
the third line of defense
Which of the following cells increase in number during an infection with parasitic worms?
eosinophil
Which of the following areas of the body have mucous membranes?
mouth, nasal cavity and urinary system
Protection from infection known as species resistance is a result of
both the absence of necessary receptors and lack of suitable environment in the body
Which of the following statements regarding the surface of the skin is FALSE?
it has goblet cells
Which of the following contributes to protecting the eyes from microbial invasion?
tears contain lysozyme and salt and mechanically flush particles from the eyes
Which of the following is the best definition of “microbial antagonism”?
he presence of normal microbiota that protect the body by competing with pathogens in a variety of ways
to prevent pathogens from invading the body
Mucous membranes are quite thin and fragile. How can such delicate tissue provide defense against
microbial invaders?
The mucus physically traps microbes, contains a variety of antimicrobial chemicals, and is shed
constantly, along with the outermost layer of cells.
What antibacterial chemical is present in tear fluid?
lysozyme
Which of the following statements about eosinophil function is CORRECT?
They attach to the surface of parasitic helminths and produce toxins that kill the parasite.
Antimicrobial peptides called ________ are secreted in sweat and damage bacteria and fungi.
dermcidins
The complement cascade and its by-products contribute to
both triggering inflammation and attracting phagocytes to sites of infection.
Cells of the second line of defense called ________ recognize and kill virus-infected cells.
NK cells
The process of phagocytosis involve all of the following EXCEPT
secretion of cytotoxins
Mannose sugar occurs on the surface of some bacteria and fungi and can trigger the
lectin pathway of complement activation
Which of the following are phagocytic cells descended from monocytes?
alveolar macrophages and microglial cells
Which of the following cells is a component of the body’s first line defense?
goblet cells
Which of the following leukocytes are called “agranulocytes” because of the absence of granules in their
cytoplasm revealed by basic or acidic dyes?
lymphocyte
Which cell becomes a macrophage when leaving the bloodstream?
monocyte
The components of the second line of defense against microbes may be characterized as
responders to invasion
Which of the following proteins are part of the first line of defense against microbial invasion?
dermcidins
Which of the following are among the activities of neutrophils?
formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and production of nitric oxide
Which of the following is an iron-binding protein produced by pathogens to access the body’s store of
iron?
siderophores
Which of the following statements regarding phagocyte recognition of pathogens is TRUE?
TLRs in the phagocyte cytoplasmic membrane bind surface structures of microbes.
Alpha and beta interferons
are produced by infected fibroblasts and macrophages.
What are NOD proteins?
cytoplasmic receptors of microbial molecules