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Microbiology > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is a fungus that commonly lives in the large intestine?

A

Candida

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2
Q

The bacterium ________ adheres to and grows on teeth, contributing to dental plaque formation

A

Streptococcus mutans

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3
Q

Porphyromonas gingivalis contributes to the development of

A

periodontitis

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4
Q

Most peptic ulcers are the result of colonization of the stomach by

A

Helicobacter pylori

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5
Q

Urease is an important virulence factor of which of the following?

A

Helicobacter pylori

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6
Q

The virulence factor of Vibrio cholera, which is primarily responsible for the signs and symptoms of
cholera, is

A

its ability to produce a potent exotoxin.

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7
Q

The major symptoms of cholera are attributable to which of the following?

A

activation of adenylate cyclase

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8
Q

Infection with some Salmonella enterica serotypes can progress to typhoid fever when the bacteria

A

enter the blood and are engulfed by phagocytes

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9
Q

Which of the following produce the type III secretion system virulence factor?

A

E. coli O157:H7, Shigella and Salmonella

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10
Q

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is primarily associated with which of the following foods?

A

ground beef

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11
Q

The most common cause of traveler’s diarrhea is

A

Escherichia coli.

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12
Q

Shigellosis can be differentiated from salmonellosis by the fact that Shigella

A

multiplies in the host cell’s cytosol.

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13
Q

The most common bacterial cause of diarrhea that sends people to doctors in the United States is

A

Campylobacter

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14
Q

A young woman being treated for serious burns develops severe diarrhea accompanied by intense
abdominal pain. She passes several watery, foul-smelling, bloody stools a day. A colonoscopy reveals
patches of yellowish lesions in the large intestine. The probable causative agent is

A

Clostridium difficile

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15
Q

Staphylococcal food poisoning is called an intoxication disorder because

A

toxins produced by the bacteria growing in the food are ingested along with the food.

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16
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to oral herpes?

A

Lesions can be triggered by emotional stress or physiologic changes

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17
Q

Which of the following is the major sign or symptom of mumps?

A

parotitis

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18
Q

The viruses responsible for the majority of infant deaths resulting from diarrhea in the world are the

A

rotaviruses

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19
Q

Chronic infection with ________ may progress to hepatic cancer

A

both HBV and HCV

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20
Q

The intracellular parasite usually acquired in contaminated drinking water that causes a persistent watery diarrhea is

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

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21
Q

Which of the following conditions usually results in severe acute liver damage?

A

co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses

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22
Q

The primary treatment for viral gastroenteritis is

A

rehydration therapy

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23
Q

Of the following, who is most likely to develop a chronic infection with hepatitis B virus?

A

newborns

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24
Q

A man reports to his doctor that he is tired all the time and his urine has become darker in color. He has
not experienced fever or vomiting recently. The physician notes that his eyes are yellowish and his abdomen
is swollen and tender. The man has a history of kidney transplant. The man may be infected with

A

hepatitis C virus

25
Q

Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection is made by the observation of which of the following in the patient’s
body fluids?

A

Dane particles

26
Q

Which of the following is a notable symptom of giardiasis?

A

foul-smelling “rotten egg” stools

27
Q

Eating sashimi (uncooked fish) is a risk factor for infection with

A

Anisakis simplex

28
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to Entamoeba histolytica?

A

It may invade the peritoneal cavity, causing serious disease

29
Q

Where in a tapeworm would you expect to find fertilized eggs?

A

at the end of the strobila

30
Q

Intermediate hosts become infested with tapeworms through ingestion of

A

tapeworm eggs

31
Q

Human infestation with Taenia saginata results from ingesting ________ in undercooked intermediate
host

A

cysticerci

32
Q

Which of the following is a common childhood parasite in the United States?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

33
Q

A large number of people in a community experience diarrhea with fever. Public health authorities
investigate and find that the people are passing dark urine, and some have yellowish skin. Furthermore, all of
the affected individuals recently ate at a new restaurant in town known for its wide variety of fresh imported
vegetables. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?

A

hepatitis A virus

34
Q

Care in the handling and disposal of diapers in day care centers may prevent the spread of which of the
following?

A

Giardia intestinalis

35
Q

Peritonitis may develop in severe cases of

A

typhoid

36
Q

What member of the human intestinal microbiota occasionally causes life-threatening disease?

A

Clostridium difficile

37
Q

Accessory organ infections are caused by

A

mumps virus

38
Q

T or F: Salmonella is part of the normal microbiota of virtually all vertebrates except humans.

A

true

39
Q

T or F: Cholera toxin is composed of five A subunits and one B subunit.

A

false

40
Q

T or F: The small intestine is the site of the majority of nutrient digestion and absorption

A

true

41
Q

T or F: Complete recovery from hepatitis A infection occurs 99% of the time.

A

true

42
Q

T or F: Vomiting is a common sign of viral gastroenteritis.

A

false

43
Q

T or F: All regions of the digestive system have extensive microbiota

A

false

44
Q

T or F: Dysentery is a severe type of gastroenteritis in which stools contain mucus and blood.

A

true

45
Q

T or F: Supportive care is the only treatment for staphylococcal food poisoning

A

true

46
Q

T or F: Marine mammals are the normal host for Anisakis simplex adults.

A

true

47
Q

T or F: Invasive extraintestinal amebiasis is the most severe type of Entamoeba histolytica infection.

A

true

48
Q

Production of (acid/dextran/glycocalyces) allows Streptococcus mutans to colonize the mouth

A

dextran

49
Q

Plaque and tartar provide an environment for the growth of (Lactobacillus/Porphyromonas/Streptococcus)
leading to periodontitis.

A

Porphyromonas

50
Q

diarrhea called “rice-water” stools is diagnostic of (campylobacteriosis/cholera/shigellosis/typhoid)

A

cholera

51
Q

Jaundice is a frequent sign of inflammation of the (colon/liver/pancreas)

A

liver

52
Q

Isolation of Gram-positive (bacilli/cocci/vibrios) from food suspected of being the source of an outbreak
of diarrhea indicates the disease is the result of bacterial intoxication

A

cocci

53
Q

Staphylococcus aureus produces (endotoxin/enterotoxin/toxin B) to cause intoxication

A

enterotoxin

54
Q

The larval stage of pinworms is found in (cows/fish/humans)

A

humans

55
Q

The accumulation of plaque can lead to the development of (abscesses/caries/ulcers) in the mouth

A

caries

56
Q

Helicobacter pylori colonizes the (mouth/liver/stomach/intestine) and can cause severe inflammation and tissue erosion.

A

stomach

57
Q

Escherichia coli O157:H7 produces (cholera/Shiga/Staphylococcal)-like toxin, which inhibits protein synthesis, kills cells, and can result in death of the infected individual

A

Shiga

58
Q

A painful creeping ulcerating lesion on or near the lips is the result of infection with
(corona/herpes/mumps) virus.

A

herpes

59
Q

Infection with (hepatitis/norovirus/rotavirus) is a common cause of viral gastroenteritis in adults

A

norovirus

Microbiology (9 decks)

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