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Microbiology > chapter 16 > Flashcards

chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of the third line of defense that makes it significantly different
from the second line?

A

the response is specific to a single antigen

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2
Q

Adaptive immunity is sometimes also called acquired immunity. Which of the following statements
provides a basis for the alternative name?

A

To become activated, lymphocytes require exposure to the epitope for which they are specific.

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3
Q

Which of the following is an exogenous antigen?

A

a bacterium outside a cell

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT included in the MALT?

A

the spleen

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5
Q

The white blood cells primarily responsible for adaptive immunity are

A

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

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6
Q

Which of the following statements concerning the chemical structure of an antibody is FALSE?

A

the heavy and light chains are connected by hydrogen bonds

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7
Q

The antibody-binding site of an antibody is made up of

A

the variable regions of both light and heavy chains

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8
Q

Cell-mediated immunity is a function of

A

T lymphocytes

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9
Q

Which of the following statements regarding antibody function is FALSE?

A

they can penetrate host cells to bind intracellular antigens

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10
Q

Secretory IgA antibodies are unique because they

A

are connected with J chains and short polypeptides to form dimers.

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11
Q

The most prevalent antibody class in the blood is

A

IgG

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12
Q

Which of the following function in agglutination?

A

IgA and IgG antibodies

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13
Q

Which of the following statements about T lymphocytes is FALSE?

A

T lymphocytes produce antibody molecules

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14
Q

Which of the following cytokines act as a signal between leukocytes?

A

interleukins

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15
Q

Major histocompatibility antigens are

A

autoantigens involved in epitope recognition.

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16
Q

The lymphocytes of adaptive immunity called ________ mature in the red bone marrow.

A

B cells

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17
Q

Class I MHC molecules are essential for

A

presentation of endogenous antigens.

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18
Q

Class II MHC are found on

A

professional antigen-presenting cells

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19
Q

Exogenous antigens are processed for immune recognition by ________ cells.

A

dendritic and macrophage

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20
Q

Which of the following statements concerning plasma cells is FALSE?

A

they live for many years and function as memory cells

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21
Q

Enhanced immune responses to subsequent exposures to an antigen to which the body has already been
exposed are known as ________ responses.

A

memory

22
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the cell-mediated immune response is TRUE?

A

A single cytotoxic T lymphocyte can kill many target cells.

23
Q

The protozoan that causes malaria is an intracellular parasite of red blood cells (RBCs). An adaptive
immune response to this parasite is problematic because

A

red blood cells do not produce MHC and, therefore, do not display the fact that they have been infected
by presenting antigen.

24
Q

The perforin-granzyme pathway involves

A

he production of special cell-killing proteins that act on infected or abnormal cells.

25
Q

What type of immunity is produced by the body when a person contracts a disease?

A

natural acquired active immunity

26
Q

A sick child may have influenza or RSV. These virus infections have different treatment options, so the
physician requests antibody titer tests. The results are as follows: anti-influenza antibodies are primarily
IgM, and anti-RSV antibodies are all IgA and IgG. Which of the following is the most appropriate
interpretation?

A

The child currently has influenza and has previously been exposed to RSV.

27
Q

What is the role of interleukins?

A

signaling between leukocytes

28
Q

Which of the following is TRUE of chemokines?

A

They are chemotactic factors for leukocytes.

29
Q

Vaccination triggers an immune response which produces ________ immunity.

A

artificial active

30
Q

Which of the following best describes IgM antibodies?

A

They are the most common type of antibody in the blood during the initial stages of an immune response

31
Q

IgE antibodies are best described as

A

he antibodies found in body secretions.

32
Q

Which of the following is the result when a CTL interacts with a virally infected cell?

A

the cell undergoes apoptosis

33
Q

T or F

The adaptive immune response requires exposure to specific epitopes for activation

A

true

34
Q

T or F

IgG antibodies can carry out all five antibody functions.

A

true

35
Q

T or F

A single B lymphocyte can recognize multiple antigenic determinants.

A

false

36
Q

T or F

Immature B lymphocytes undergo clonal deletion in the bone marrow.

A

true

37
Q

T or F
Cytokines are soluble regulatory proteins that act as intercellular signals and include substances such as
interleukins, interferon, and growth factors.

A

true

38
Q

T or F
During an infection with Listeria, an intracellular bacterium, APCs will present antigen on MHC II
molecules.

A

false

39
Q

T or F

When a T cell’s CD95L binds to the CD95 on a target cell, antibodies are formed.

A

false

40
Q

The third line of defense is called (adaptive/clonal/self-tolerant) because it does not normally respond to
autoantigens.

A

self-tolerant

41
Q

Activation of B lymphocytes produces (antibody-mediation/cell-mediated/innate) immune responses

A

antibody-mediation

42
Q 
The immunologic (agglutination/complex/synapse) forms when MHC molecules and TCR molecules 
connect.
A

synapse

43
Q

The (constant/ hinge/variable) regions from the light and heavy chains of an antibody combine to form
antigen-binding sites.

A

variable

44
Q

The delay in the initial adaptive immune response to pathogen is largely due to the
(inducibility/memory/specificity) of adaptive immunity.

A

inducibility

45
Q

T lymphocytes mature in the (bone marrow/lymph node/thymus).

A

thymus

46
Q

Plasma cells produce (antibody/chemokine/cytotoxic) molecules.

A

antibody

47
Q

The surface of each B lymphocyte is covered with about 250,000 to 500,000 identical copies of
(BCR/MHC/TCR).

A

BCR

48
Q

Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include B cells, macrophages, and (dendritic/plasma/T)
cells.

A

dendritic

49
Q

T lymphocytes that have both CD4 and CD25 are (cytotoxic/helper/regulatory) T cells.

A

regulatory

50
Q

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes insert (CD95/lectin/perforin) into the membranes of the cells they target as a
first step in killing.

A

perforin

51
Q

B cells are activated when they interact with (antigen-presenting/Th1/Th2) cells.

A

Th2

52
Q

The IgG molecules which cross the placenta and circulate in a baby’s bloodstream provide the baby with
natural (active/innate/passive) immunity.

A

passive

Microbiology (9 decks)

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