chapter 16

Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic of the third line of defense that makes it significantly different
from the second line?

Answer 1

the response is specific to a single antigen

Question 2

Adaptive immunity is sometimes also called acquired immunity. Which of the following statements
provides a basis for the alternative name?

Answer 2

To become activated, lymphocytes require exposure to the epitope for which they are specific.

Question 3

Which of the following is an exogenous antigen?

Answer 3

a bacterium outside a cell

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT included in the MALT?

Answer 4

the spleen

Question 5

The white blood cells primarily responsible for adaptive immunity are

Answer 5

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

Question 6

Which of the following statements concerning the chemical structure of an antibody is FALSE?

Answer 6

the heavy and light chains are connected by hydrogen bonds

Question 7

The antibody-binding site of an antibody is made up of

Answer 7

the variable regions of both light and heavy chains

Question 8

Cell-mediated immunity is a function of

Answer 8

T lymphocytes

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding antibody function is FALSE?

Answer 9

they can penetrate host cells to bind intracellular antigens

Question 10

Secretory IgA antibodies are unique because they

Answer 10

are connected with J chains and short polypeptides to form dimers.

Question 11

The most prevalent antibody class in the blood is

Answer 11

IgG

Question 12

Which of the following function in agglutination?

Answer 12

IgA and IgG antibodies

Question 13

Which of the following statements about T lymphocytes is FALSE?

Answer 13

T lymphocytes produce antibody molecules

Question 14

Which of the following cytokines act as a signal between leukocytes?

Answer 14

interleukins

Question 15

Major histocompatibility antigens are

Answer 15

autoantigens involved in epitope recognition.

Question 16

The lymphocytes of adaptive immunity called ________ mature in the red bone marrow.

Answer 16

B cells

Question 17

Class I MHC molecules are essential for

Answer 17

presentation of endogenous antigens.

Question 18

Class II MHC are found on

Answer 18

professional antigen-presenting cells

Question 19

Exogenous antigens are processed for immune recognition by ________ cells.

Answer 19

dendritic and macrophage

Question 20

Which of the following statements concerning plasma cells is FALSE?

Answer 20

they live for many years and function as memory cells

Question 21

Enhanced immune responses to subsequent exposures to an antigen to which the body has already been
exposed are known as ________ responses.

Answer 21

memory

Question 22

Which of the following statements regarding the cell-mediated immune response is TRUE?

Answer 22

A single cytotoxic T lymphocyte can kill many target cells.

Question 23

The protozoan that causes malaria is an intracellular parasite of red blood cells (RBCs). An adaptive
immune response to this parasite is problematic because

Answer 23

red blood cells do not produce MHC and, therefore, do not display the fact that they have been infected
by presenting antigen.

Question 24

The perforin-granzyme pathway involves

Answer 24

he production of special cell-killing proteins that act on infected or abnormal cells.

Question 25

What type of immunity is produced by the body when a person contracts a disease?

Answer 25

natural acquired active immunity

Question 26

A sick child may have influenza or RSV. These virus infections have different treatment options, so the physician requests antibody titer tests. The results are as follows: anti-influenza antibodies are primarily IgM, and anti-RSV antibodies are all IgA and IgG. Which of the following is the most appropriate interpretation?

Answer 26

The child currently has influenza and has previously been exposed to RSV.

Question 27

What is the role of interleukins?

Answer 27

signaling between leukocytes

Question 28

Which of the following is TRUE of chemokines?

Answer 28

They are chemotactic factors for leukocytes.

Question 29

Vaccination triggers an immune response which produces ________ immunity.

Answer 29

artificial active

Question 30

Which of the following best describes IgM antibodies?

Answer 30

They are the most common type of antibody in the blood during the initial stages of an immune response

Question 31

IgE antibodies are best described as

Answer 31

he antibodies found in body secretions.

Question 32

Which of the following is the result when a CTL interacts with a virally infected cell?

Answer 32

the cell undergoes apoptosis

Question 33

T or F | The adaptive immune response requires exposure to specific epitopes for activation

Answer 33

true

Question 34

T or F | IgG antibodies can carry out all five antibody functions.

Answer 34

true

Question 35

T or F | A single B lymphocyte can recognize multiple antigenic determinants.

Answer 35

false

Question 36

T or F | Immature B lymphocytes undergo clonal deletion in the bone marrow.

Answer 36

true

Question 37

T or F Cytokines are soluble regulatory proteins that act as intercellular signals and include substances such as interleukins, interferon, and growth factors.

Answer 37

true

Question 38

T or F During an infection with Listeria, an intracellular bacterium, APCs will present antigen on MHC II molecules.

Answer 38

false

Question 39

T or F | When a T cell's CD95L binds to the CD95 on a target cell, antibodies are formed.

Answer 39

false

Question 40

The third line of defense is called (adaptive/clonal/self-tolerant) because it does not normally respond to autoantigens.

Answer 40

self-tolerant

Question 41

Activation of B lymphocytes produces (antibody-mediation/cell-mediated/innate) immune responses

Answer 41

antibody-mediation

Question 42

``` The immunologic (agglutination/complex/synapse) forms when MHC molecules and TCR molecules connect. ```

Answer 42

synapse

Question 43

The (constant/ hinge/variable) regions from the light and heavy chains of an antibody combine to form antigen-binding sites.

Answer 43

variable

Question 44

The delay in the initial adaptive immune response to pathogen is largely due to the (inducibility/memory/specificity) of adaptive immunity.

Answer 44

inducibility

Question 45

T lymphocytes mature in the (bone marrow/lymph node/thymus).

Answer 45

thymus

Question 46

Plasma cells produce (antibody/chemokine/cytotoxic) molecules.

Answer 46

antibody

Question 47

The surface of each B lymphocyte is covered with about 250,000 to 500,000 identical copies of (BCR/MHC/TCR).

Answer 47

BCR

Question 48

Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include B cells, macrophages, and (dendritic/plasma/T) cells.

Answer 48

dendritic

Question 49

T lymphocytes that have both CD4 and CD25 are (cytotoxic/helper/regulatory) T cells.

Answer 49

regulatory

Question 50

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes insert (CD95/lectin/perforin) into the membranes of the cells they target as a first step in killing.

Answer 50

perforin

Question 51

B cells are activated when they interact with (antigen-presenting/Th1/Th2) cells.

Answer 51

Th2

Question 52

The IgG molecules which cross the placenta and circulate in a baby's bloodstream provide the baby with natural (active/innate/passive) immunity.

Answer 52

passive