Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogen commonly present in the nasal cavity as a member of
the microbiota?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Inflammation of the pharynx with pus-filled abscesses and swollen tonsils is known as

A

streptococcal pharyngitis (“strep throat”).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The designation “group A,” used to help classify Streptococcus pyogenes, refers to this bacterium’s

A

Lancefield antigen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Group A streptococci produce ________ which breaks down blood clots, allowing the bacteria to spread.

A

streptokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors kills leukocytes and erythrocytes?

A

streptolysins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pathogenic streptococci of the upper respiratory tract (such as Streptococcus pyogenes) are distinguished
from non-pathogenic streptococci by

A

beta hemolytic activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diphtheria toxin kills cells by interfering with which of the following processes?

A

protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning diphtheria?

A

The signs and symptoms of the disease are directly caused by a bacterial toxin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the common cold?

A

Cold viruses are frequently spread by contaminated fomites.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the primary determinant of virulence in Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

the presence of a polysaccharide capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The majority of cases of pneumonia are caused by

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A pneumonia caused by Gram-positive diplococci is known as

A

pneumococcal pneumonia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ornithosis, a disease of birds that can be transmitted to humans, is caused by

A

Chlamydophila psittaci.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The microbe which causes primary atypical pneumonia is

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neutrophils are inhibited from gathering at the site of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis by what
virulence factor of the pathogen?

A

cord factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding tuberculosis?

A

It remains viable in dried aerosol droplets for up to eight months.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis called MDR are resistant to

A

isoniazid and rifampin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bordetella pertussis produces

A

dermonecrotic and adenylate cyclase toxins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The DTaP vaccine protects against which of the following respiratory diseases?

A

pertussis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inhalation anthrax is frequently fatal even with antibiotic therapy because

A

the anthrax toxin triggers necrosis and severe edema of the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What distinguishes influenza from the common cold?

A

Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A recently retired man appears at his doctor’s office complaining of difficulty breathing, body aches and
fatigue. He is also running a high fever and has a dry cough. He reports having just returned from a trip to
the Middle East where he visited several historical sites. Test results are negative for a rapid test for
influenza A. No bacteria are visible in a microscopic exam of his sputum. Which of the following is a likely
explanation?

A

coronavirus respiratory syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Even though mycoplasmas pass through filters that normally trap bacteria, they are known to be bacteria,
not viruses, because they

A

contain both DNA and RNA and divide by binary fission.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

the causative agent is a fast-growing Gram-positive bacillus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The disease known as "Croup" is often a result of infection with which of the following?
respiratory syncytial virus
26
Which of the following factors is primarily responsible for the ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive long periods of time in dried droplets of respiratory aerosols?
the presence of mycolic acid in the cell wall
27
Limiting exposure to rodents and their waste is an important means of preventing
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
28
Blastomycosis results from
inhalation of fungal spores.
29
Dust storms in arid regions of the Southwestern U.S. may lead to outbreaks of
coccidioidomycosis.
30
Exposure to large accumulations of bird dropping may result in which of the following mycoses?
histoplasmosis
31
Which of the following diseases is almost diagnostic for AIDS?
Pneumocystis pneumonia
32
Why are nearly all AIDS patients at risk of developing Pneumocystis pneumonia?
Pneumocystis jiroveci is a common member of the respiratory microbiome in humans and opportunistic pathogen.
33
A new vaccine for the upcoming flu season is developed from an influenza isolate designated A/Shanghai/2/2013(H7N9). This nomenclature means the isolate is
a type A with antigens HA 7 and NA 9 isolated in Shanghai in February 2013.
34
A nursing student develops a positive reaction to the tuberculin skin test. A history reveals possible exposure to patients with tuberculosis. A sputum sample is acid-fast negative. When asked for vaccination records, the student reports that childhood vaccination records were lost when the family emigrated from a Southeast Asian country. What is the best explanation for the test results?
The student has been exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or was vaccinated with BCG vaccine.
35
Which of the following is a common cause of otitis media?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
36
Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic pathogen that
survives in the environment as an intracellular parasite of a protozoan.
37
A young man who works on a ranch and lives in the log bunkhouse experiences sudden fever with muscle aches. A few days later he begins to cough and have difficulty breathing, and goes to an urgent care clinic. His blood pressure is low. A blood sample reveals a low platelet count. A Gram stain of a sputum sample shows only a few small bacteria present. Which of the following is the most likely infecting agent?
Hantavirus
38
A woman who breeds parrots develops a fever and cough, and begins to have difficulty breathing. Small Gram-negative bacteria are detected inside cells of a sputum sample. Which of the following diseases is she likely to have contracted?
ornithosis
39
T or F: Staphylococcus aureus is part of the upper respiratory microbiome.
true
40
T or F: Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of sinus infections.
true
41
T or F: Pneumocystis jiroveci infects only immunocompromised patients.
false
42
T or F: The "common cold" is so common because there of the large number of viruses that cause it.
true
43
T or F: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can be transmitted from person-to-person and from rodents to humans.
false
44
T or F: Pleurisy is the accumulation of pus in the lungs.
false
45
T or F: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of HAP infections.
true
46
T or F: Macrophages effectively phagocytize and kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
false
47
T or F: Cold viruses are prevented from infecting most areas of the body because these areas are either too warm or too acidic.
true
48
T or F: Otitis media is more common in adults than children because of differences in the anatomy of the head.
false
49
A key diagnostic sign of diphtheria is the presence of the (pseudomembrane/pharyngitis/rash/tubercle)
pseudomembrane
50
Otitis media is a bacterial infection of the (ear/pharynx/sinuses).
ear
51
The smallest free-living microbes are (mycobacteria/mycoplasmas/Chlamydophila)
mycoplasmas
52
Recent outbreaks of multidrug-resistant HAP are primarily caused by members of the genus (Bordetella/ Klebsiella/Mycobacteria), Gram-negative opportunists.
Klebsiella
53
Exposure to soil with decaying plant material may result in pus-filled lesions characteristic of (coccidioidomycosis/blastomycosis/histoplasmosis)
blastomycosis
54
Some of the signs of scarlet fever (scarlatina) are due to the production of (pertussis/pneumolysin/pyrogenic) toxin.
pyrogenic
55
Elongation factor, a protein required for eukaryotic (transcription/translation/expression), is the cellular target of the toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae
translation
56
The attachment protein for almost all rhinoviruses is (BCG/ICAM-1/IgA).
ICAM-1
57
A type of pneumonia in which the alveoli and bronchioles become filled with pus is (emphysema/empyema/pleurisy)
empyema
58
The mycoplasmas have been successively classified as viruses, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram- positive bacteria largely due to the lack of cell (membranes/walls/RNA) in their structure.
walls
59
When Mycobacterium tuberculosis spreads to sites such as the bone marrow and spleen it results in (disseminated/secondary/reactivated) tuberculosis
disseminated
60
Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis designated as (BCG/MDR/XDR) strains are resistant in vitro to three or more antitubercular drugs in addition to isoniazid and rifampin.
XDR
61
A major change in the surface glycoproteins of influenza A, which occurs every 10 years on average, is called (antigenic/genetic/protein) shift
antigenic
62
Inflammation of the trachea and bronchi, commonly called (croup/pertussis/pneumonia), is frequently caused by paramyxoviruses.
croup

Microbiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions