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Microbiology > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogen commonly present in the nasal cavity as a member of
the microbiota?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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2
Q

Inflammation of the pharynx with pus-filled abscesses and swollen tonsils is known as

A

streptococcal pharyngitis (“strep throat”).

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3
Q

The designation “group A,” used to help classify Streptococcus pyogenes, refers to this bacterium’s

A

Lancefield antigen.

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4
Q

Group A streptococci produce ________ which breaks down blood clots, allowing the bacteria to spread.

A

streptokinase

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5
Q

Which of the following Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors kills leukocytes and erythrocytes?

A

streptolysins

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6
Q

Pathogenic streptococci of the upper respiratory tract (such as Streptococcus pyogenes) are distinguished
from non-pathogenic streptococci by

A

beta hemolytic activity.

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7
Q

Diphtheria toxin kills cells by interfering with which of the following processes?

A

protein synthesis

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8
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning diphtheria?

A

The signs and symptoms of the disease are directly caused by a bacterial toxin.

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9
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the common cold?

A

Cold viruses are frequently spread by contaminated fomites.

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10
Q

What is the primary determinant of virulence in Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

the presence of a polysaccharide capsule

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11
Q

The majority of cases of pneumonia are caused by

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae.

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12
Q

A pneumonia caused by Gram-positive diplococci is known as

A

pneumococcal pneumonia.

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13
Q

Ornithosis, a disease of birds that can be transmitted to humans, is caused by

A

Chlamydophila psittaci.

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14
Q

The microbe which causes primary atypical pneumonia is

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

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15
Q

Neutrophils are inhibited from gathering at the site of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis by what
virulence factor of the pathogen?

A

cord factor

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16
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding tuberculosis?

A

It remains viable in dried aerosol droplets for up to eight months.

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17
Q

Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis called MDR are resistant to

A

isoniazid and rifampin.

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18
Q

Bordetella pertussis produces

A

dermonecrotic and adenylate cyclase toxins.

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19
Q

The DTaP vaccine protects against which of the following respiratory diseases?

A

pertussis

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20
Q

Inhalation anthrax is frequently fatal even with antibiotic therapy because

A

the anthrax toxin triggers necrosis and severe edema of the lungs.

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21
Q

What distinguishes influenza from the common cold?

A

Fever

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22
Q

A recently retired man appears at his doctor’s office complaining of difficulty breathing, body aches and
fatigue. He is also running a high fever and has a dry cough. He reports having just returned from a trip to
the Middle East where he visited several historical sites. Test results are negative for a rapid test for
influenza A. No bacteria are visible in a microscopic exam of his sputum. Which of the following is a likely
explanation?

A

coronavirus respiratory syndrome

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23
Q

Even though mycoplasmas pass through filters that normally trap bacteria, they are known to be bacteria,
not viruses, because they

A

contain both DNA and RNA and divide by binary fission.

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24
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

the causative agent is a fast-growing Gram-positive bacillus.

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25
Q

The disease known as “Croup” is often a result of infection with which of the following?

A

respiratory syncytial virus

26
Q

Which of the following factors is primarily responsible for the ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to
survive long periods of time in dried droplets of respiratory aerosols?

A

the presence of mycolic acid in the cell wall

27
Q

Limiting exposure to rodents and their waste is an important means of preventing

A

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.

28
Q

Blastomycosis results from

A

inhalation of fungal spores.

29
Q

Dust storms in arid regions of the Southwestern U.S. may lead to outbreaks of

A

coccidioidomycosis.

30
Q

Exposure to large accumulations of bird dropping may result in which of the following mycoses?

A

histoplasmosis

31
Q

Which of the following diseases is almost diagnostic for AIDS?

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

32
Q

Why are nearly all AIDS patients at risk of developing Pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci is a common member of the respiratory microbiome in humans and opportunistic
pathogen.

33
Q

A new vaccine for the upcoming flu season is developed from an influenza isolate designated
A/Shanghai/2/2013(H7N9). This nomenclature means the isolate is

A

a type A with antigens HA 7 and NA 9 isolated in Shanghai in February 2013.

34
Q

A nursing student develops a positive reaction to the tuberculin skin test. A history reveals possible
exposure to patients with tuberculosis. A sputum sample is acid-fast negative. When asked for vaccination
records, the student reports that childhood vaccination records were lost when the family emigrated from a
Southeast Asian country. What is the best explanation for the test results?

A

The student has been exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or was vaccinated with BCG vaccine.

35
Q

Which of the following is a common cause of otitis media?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

36
Q

Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic pathogen that

A

survives in the environment as an intracellular parasite of a protozoan.

37
Q

A young man who works on a ranch and lives in the log bunkhouse experiences sudden fever with
muscle aches. A few days later he begins to cough and have difficulty breathing, and goes to an urgent care
clinic. His blood pressure is low. A blood sample reveals a low platelet count. A Gram stain of a sputum
sample shows only a few small bacteria present. Which of the following is the most likely infecting agent?

A

Hantavirus

38
Q

A woman who breeds parrots develops a fever and cough, and begins to have difficulty breathing. Small
Gram-negative bacteria are detected inside cells of a sputum sample. Which of the following diseases is she
likely to have contracted?

A

ornithosis

39
Q

T or F: Staphylococcus aureus is part of the upper respiratory microbiome.

A

true

40
Q

T or F: Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of sinus infections.

A

true

41
Q

T or F: Pneumocystis jiroveci infects only immunocompromised patients.

A

false

42
Q

T or F: The “common cold” is so common because there of the large number of viruses that cause it.

A

true

43
Q

T or F: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can be transmitted from person-to-person and from rodents to humans.

A

false

44
Q

T or F: Pleurisy is the accumulation of pus in the lungs.

A

false

45
Q

T or F: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of HAP infections.

A

true

46
Q

T or F: Macrophages effectively phagocytize and kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A

false

47
Q

T or F: Cold viruses are prevented from infecting most areas of the body because these areas are either too warm or too acidic.

A

true

48
Q

T or F: Otitis media is more common in adults than children because of differences in the anatomy of the head.

A

false

49
Q

A key diagnostic sign of diphtheria is the presence of the (pseudomembrane/pharyngitis/rash/tubercle)

A

pseudomembrane

50
Q

Otitis media is a bacterial infection of the (ear/pharynx/sinuses).

A

ear

51
Q

The smallest free-living microbes are (mycobacteria/mycoplasmas/Chlamydophila)

A

mycoplasmas

52
Q

Recent outbreaks of multidrug-resistant HAP are primarily caused by members of the genus (Bordetella/
Klebsiella/Mycobacteria), Gram-negative opportunists.

A

Klebsiella

53
Q

Exposure to soil with decaying plant material may result in pus-filled lesions characteristic of
(coccidioidomycosis/blastomycosis/histoplasmosis)

A

blastomycosis

54
Q

Some of the signs of scarlet fever (scarlatina) are due to the production of
(pertussis/pneumolysin/pyrogenic) toxin.

A

pyrogenic

55
Q

Elongation factor, a protein required for eukaryotic (transcription/translation/expression), is the cellular
target of the toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

translation

56
Q

The attachment protein for almost all rhinoviruses is (BCG/ICAM-1/IgA).

A

ICAM-1

57
Q

A type of pneumonia in which the alveoli and bronchioles become filled with pus is
(emphysema/empyema/pleurisy)

A

empyema

58
Q

The mycoplasmas have been successively classified as viruses, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-
positive bacteria largely due to the lack of cell (membranes/walls/RNA) in their structure.

A

walls

59
Q

When Mycobacterium tuberculosis spreads to sites such as the bone marrow and spleen it results in
(disseminated/secondary/reactivated) tuberculosis

A

disseminated

60
Q

Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis designated as (BCG/MDR/XDR) strains are resistant in vitro to
three or more antitubercular drugs in addition to isoniazid and rifampin.

A

XDR

61
Q

A major change in the surface glycoproteins of influenza A, which occurs every 10 years on average, is
called (antigenic/genetic/protein) shift

A

antigenic

62
Q

Inflammation of the trachea and bronchi, commonly called (croup/pertussis/pneumonia), is frequently
caused by paramyxoviruses.

A

croup

Microbiology (9 decks)

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