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Medical Terminology > 11. Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

11. Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(105 cards)

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1
Q

Local widening of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall or breakdown of the wall from atherosclerosis

A

Aneurysm

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2
Q

Chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to the heart muscle

A

Angina

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3
Q

Abnormal heartbeat (rhythm)

A

Arrhythmia

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4
Q

Hardening of arteries with a collection of cholesterol like plaque

A

Atheroschlerosis

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5
Q

Inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood. Blood accumulates in the lungs, causing pulmonary edema

A

Congestive Heart Failure

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6
Q

High blood pressure

A

Hypertension

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7
Q

Heart attack

A

Myocardial Infarction

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8
Q

A group of signs and symptoms indicating poor oxygen supply to tissues and insufficient return of blood to the heart.

A

Shock

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9
Q

Cardiac Enzyme Tests

A

Measurements of enzymes released into the bloodstream after a heart attack. (Troponin), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and aspartate transferase (AST)

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10
Q

Lipid tests

Lipid profile

A

Measurement of cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood

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11
Q

Lipoprotein tests

A

Measurement of high-density lipoprotein (HCL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

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12
Q

Angiography

A

Recording blood vessels after the injection of contrast into the blood stream

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13
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Introducing a catheter into a vein or artery to measure pressure and flow patterns of blood

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14
Q

Doppler Ultrasound

A

Measuring blood flow in vessels via sound waves

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15
Q

Echocardiography

A

Producing electricity flowing through the heart

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16
Q

Holter Monitoring

A

Detection of abnormal heart rhythms that involves having a patient wear compact version of an electrocardiograph for 24 hours

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17
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

-Producing an image, by beaming magnetic waves at the heart that gives detailed information

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18
Q

PET scan

A

Positron Emission Tomography Scan

-radioactive chemicals, which release radioactive particles, are injected into the bloodstream and travel to the heart

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19
Q

Stress Test

A

An ECG plus blood pressure and heart rate measurements show the heart’s response to physical exertion (treadmill test)

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20
Q

ACS

A

Acute coronary syndromes which lead to plaque/clot formation and heart attack

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21
Q

AMI

A

Acute myocardial infarction

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22
Q

BP

A

Blood pressure

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23
Q

CABG

A

Coronary artery bypass grafting

-surgical placement of vessels, either vein or artery to detour blocked coronary arteries

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24
Q

CAD

A

Coronary artery disease

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25
CCU
Coronary care unit
26
CHF
Congestive Heart failure ## Footnote Inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood
27
ECG
Elecrtrocardiography ## Footnote Laboratory test to record the electrical activity of the heart
28
ECHO
Echocardiography
29
HTN
Hypertension | High blood pressure
30
PCI
Percutaneous coronary intervention | placement of a catheter and a stent in a coronary artery to open the artery; balloon angioplasty
31
Pericardium
Sac-like membrane surrounding the heart
32
# ``` Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Valve located between the left upper and lower chambers of the heart
33
Vasodilation
Widening of a vessel
34
Sphygmomanometer
Instrument to measure blood pressure
35
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
36
Digoxin
A drug used to strengthen the heartbeat; treats arrythmias
37
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein
38
Auscultation
Listening with a stethoscope
39
Essential hypertension
High blood pressure with idiopathic etiology (unknown cause)
40
Embolus
Clot that travels to and suddenly blocks a blood vessel
41
Thrombus
Abnormal clot formation in a blood vessel; stationary blood clot
42
# ``` Septum
Partition or wall dividing the chambers of the heart
43
Venule
Small vein
44
Vena cava
Largest vein in the body
45
Endocardium
Inner lining of the heart
46
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein (usually in a lower limb)
47
Ventricle
Lower chamber of the heart
48
Sinoatrial node (SA node)
Sensitive tissue in the right atrium wall that begins the heartbeat; pacemaker
49
Cardiomyopathy
Disease of heart muscle
50
Aneurysm
Local widening of a blood vessel due to weakening in the vessel wall
51
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood
52
Diastole
Relaxation (resting) phase of the heartbeat
53
Systole
Contraction phase of the heartbeat
54
Arrhythmia
Irregular heartbeat (without rhythm); i.e., flutter and fibrillation
55
Thrombolytic therapy
Anticoagulant therapy used to break up blood clots in veins
56
Angina
Chest pain
57
Fibrillation
Abnormal rapid, random, and ineffective heart rhythm; a type of arrythmia
58
Atherosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries with cholesterol-like plaque build-up
59
Tricuspid valve
Valve located between the right upper and lower chambers of the heart
60
Flutter
Rapid but regular atrial or ventricular contractions
61
Mitral valve prolapse
Improper closure of a heart valve when the heart is pumping blood
61
Cyanosis
Bluish coloration of the skin (due to low oxygen levels)
62
Calcium channel bockers
Drug used to treat angina and hypertension; dilates blood vessels; stops influx of calcium into muscle cells lining vessels
63
Petechiae
Small, pinpoint hemorrhages
64
Aorta
Largest artery in the body
65
Coronary arteries
Blood vessels branching from the aorta to carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
66
Murmur
An extra heart sound caused by improper closure of heart valves
67
Arteriole
Small artery
68
Pulmonary valve
Located between lower right chamber and vessel carrying blood to lungs
69
Pulmonary vein
One of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
70
Atrium
Upper chamber of heart
71
Artery
Thick-walled blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body; has a pulse
72
vein
Thin-walled blood vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart; contains valves to prevent the backflow of blood
73
Blood vessels
Network of arteries, veins and capillaries; the transportation system that supplies oxygen and nutrients to all the cells of the body
73
Heart
Hollow muscular organ of that contracts rhythmically to act as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body
73
Capillaries
Smallest blood vessels; form the point of exchange in tissues for oxygen and nutrients into body cells and waste products coming out of body cells
74
Oxygen (O2)
Gas carried by blood from lungs to the heart, then via the arteries to all cells in the body
75
Myocardium
Muscular, middle layer of the heart
76
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Waste gas produced in tissues when O2 and food combine; transported via veins to heart and exhaled in the lungs
77
Tachycardia
Rapid heartbeat of more than 100 beats/minute
78
79
Bradycardia
Slow heartbeat of fewer than 60 beats/minute
80
81
Atrioventricular node (AV node)
Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria, carries impulses from SA node to bundle of His
82
Bundle of His
Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria, carries electrical impulses from the SA node
83
84
Ischemia
Condition of holding back blood from an organ or tissue
85
Pulse
The beat of the heart felt through arterial walls
86
Blood pressure
The force that blood exerts on arterial walls
87
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the heart
88
Hypercholesterolemia
High levels of cholesterol in the blood
89
Valve
Structure in a vein or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in the proper direction
90
Hypoxia
Condition of deficient oxygen (to the tissues)
91
Vasoconstriction
Narrowing of a blood vessel
91
Thrombolysis
Breakdown of a clot
92
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of arteries
93
Infarction
Tissue death due to lack of oxygen
94
Nitroglycerin
Nitrate drug used to treat angina and myocardial infarction
95
96
Cardiac arrest
Sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action, often leading to cardiac death
97
Palpitations
Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrythmia
98
Statins
Drugs used to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream
99
Varicose veins
A condition of damaged valves in veins that fail to prevent the backflow of blood; swollen, twisted veins
100
Defibrillation
Application of brief electrical discharges across the chest to stop ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
101
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test
Measurement of blood levels of a hormone released from the heart during CHF as the pressure builds up in the chambers of the heart

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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