7 Urinary System Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
albuminuria
A
Abnormal condition of protein in the urine
2
Q
anuria
A
abnormal condition of no urine production
3
Q
dysuria
A
painful urination
3
Q
pyuria
A
cloudy urine due to the presence of white blood cells
4
Q
glycosuria
A
abnormal condition of glucose in the urine
5
Q
hematuria
A
abnormal condition of blood in the urine
6
Q
ketonuria
A
high levels of acids and acetones in urine due to abnormal fat metabolism
7
Q
nephrolithiasis
A
abnormal condition of stones in the kidney
8
Q
renal failure
A
Condition in which the kidneys stop functioning and do not produce urine
9
Q
uremia
A
Condition of high levels of urea in blood
10
Q
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
A
Measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste) in the blood
11
Q
Creatinine
A
Used to evaluate renal function
12
Q
Urography
A
X-ray imaging of the urinary tract after injection of contrast material
13
Q
Cystoscopy
A
Visual examination of the urinary bladder with a cystoscope
14
Q
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder (KUB)
A
X-ray image of the kidneys and urinary tract without the use of contrast
15
Q
Retrograde Pyelogram (RP)
A
Contrast material injected via catheter into the urethra and bladder and x-rays are taken
16
Q
Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)
A
X-rays of the bladder and urethra are taken after the bladder is filled with contrast material and while the patient is voiding urine
17
Q
ARF
A
Acute Renal Failure
18
Q
BUN
A
Blood Urea Nitrogen
19
Q
CAPD
A
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
method of peritoneal dialysis whereby a patient manually performs exchan
20
Q
CKD
A
Chronic kidney disease
21
Q
CRF
A
Chronic renal failure
22
Q
HD
A
Hemodialysis
use of an artificial kidney machine; filters blood to remove waste produ
23
Q
KUB
A
Kidneys, ureters, bladder
24
RP
Retrograde pyelogram
25
UA
Urinalysis
26
UTI
Urinary tract infection
27
Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.
| This is a product of muscle metabolism.
Creatinine
28
Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water.
These are necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves. The kidneys have a role in maintaining proper balance of these chemical elements as well as water.
electrolytes
29
One of two bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region. It filters nitrogenous waste from the bloodstream to form urine.
Kidney
30
Functional unit of the kidney. It is a combinations of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney
nephron
31
Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney
Glomerulus
32
Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus
Glomerular capsule
| Also called bowman capsule
33
Outer region of an organ
Cortex
34
Tube for injecting or removing fluids.
Catheter
35
Inner region of an organ
Medulla
36
Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. This electrolyte is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.
Potassium (K+)
37
Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
Renal artery
38
Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine if formed after filtration.
Renal tubule
39
Electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys. It is needed for the proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity and other metabolic functions.
Sodium (Na+)
40
Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
Urea
41
One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Ureter
42
Uric acid
Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
43
Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.
Urinary bladder
44
Urination
| voiding
Process of expelling urine; also called micturition
45
cyst/o
urinary bladder
46
glomerul/o
glomerulus
47
nephr/o
kidney
48
pyel/o
renal pelvis
49
ren/o
kidney
50
ureter/o
ureter
51
urethr/o
urethra
52
vesic/o
urinary bladder
53
creatinine clearance
Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney
54
Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood.
This is used to treat renal failure.
Dialysis
55
arteriole
Small artery
56
calciferol
active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney
57
Calyx (or calix)
| plural: calyces or calices
Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis.
58
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells
59
filtration
Process whereby some substances but not all, pass through a filter
60
Glomerular capsule
Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. Also know as Bowman capsule and collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.
61
Glomerulus
Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney.
62
Hilum
Depression in the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.
63
Medulla
Inner region of an organ
64
Nephron
Functional unit of the kidney. It is the combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. Each nephron is capable of forming urine by itself. There are about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.
65
Nitrogenous waste
Substances containing nitrogen and excreted in the urine. Examples are urea, uric acid, and creatinine.
66
Reabsorption
Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.
67
Renal artery
Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
68
Renal pelvis
Central collection region in the kidney
69
Renal tubule
Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration
70
Renal vein
Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart.
71
Renin
Enzymes secreted by the kidney. It raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
72
Trigone
Triangular are in the urinary bladder
73
Urea
Major nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
74
Ureter
One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the bladder
75
Urethra
Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
76
Urinary bladder
Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.
77
Urination (voiding)
Process of expelling urine, also called micturition
78
bacteri/o
bacteria
79
dips/o
thirst
80
kal/i
potassium
81
ket/o, keton/o
ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)
82
lith/o
stone
83
natr/o
sodium
84
noct/o
night
85
olig/o
scanty
86
-poietin
substance that forms
87
py/o
pus
88
-tripsy
crushing
89
ur/o-
urine (urea)
90
urin/o
urine
91
-uria
urination; urine collection
92
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
93
edema
swelling, abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces
94
diabetes mellitus
inadequate secretion or improper utilization of insulin leads to hyperglycemia, glycosuria and polydipsia
95
Essential hypertension
high blood pressure due to no apparent cause (idiopathic)
96
Hydronephrosis
Excess fluid in a kidney due to a backup of urine
97
Nephrotic syndrome
Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine
98
hyponatremia
low sodium levels in the blood
99
incontinence
inability to hold urine in the bladder
100
hyperkalemia
high potassium levels in the blood
101
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma. (The parenchyma of an organ is its essential and distinctive tissue. Nephrons make up the renal parenchyma)
102
Polycystic kidney
multiple fluid-filled sacs within and on the kidney
103
Renal failure
Decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function.
104
Renal hypertension
High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease.
105
Diabetes insipidus (DI)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH
106
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
Insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
107
Wilms tumor
childhood renal carcinoma (malignant tumor)
108
urinary retention
urine held in the bladder
