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Medical Terminology > 12. Respiratory System > Flashcards

12. Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Adenoids

A

Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils.

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2
Q

alveolus (plural: alveoli)

A

Air sac in the lung.

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3
Q

apex of the lung

A

Tip or uppermost portion of the lung. An apex is the tip of a structure. Apical means pertaining to or located at the apex.

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4
Q

base of the lung

A

Lower portion of the lung; from the Greek basis, foundation. Basilar means located at or in the base.

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5
Q

bronchioles

A

Smallest branches of the bronchi. Terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts.

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6
Q

bronchus (plural: bronchi)

A

Branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube.

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7
Q

carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine; exhaled through the lungs.

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8
Q

cilia

A

Thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung. Cigarette smoke impairs the function of cilia.

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9
Q

diaphragm

A

Muscle separating the chest and abdomen. It contracts to pull air into the lungs and relaxes to push air out.

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10
Q

epiglottis

A

Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing.

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11
Q

exhalation

A

Breathing out; expiration.

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12
Q

glottis

A

Slit-like opening to the larynx.

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13
Q

Hilum of the lung

A

Middle region of lungs where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit lungs

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14
Q

inhalation

A

Breathing in; inspiration.

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15
Q

larynx

A

Voice box; containing the vocal cords.

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16
Q

lobe

A

Division of a lung.

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17
Q

mediastinum

A

Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, major blood vessels, esophagus, and bronchial tubes.

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18
Q

nares

A

Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities; nostrils.

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19
Q

oxygen (O2)

A

Gas that makes up 21 percent of the air that we breathe. It passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells.

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20
Q

pharynx

A

Throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

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21
Q

pleura

A

Double-layered membrane surrounding each lung.

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22
Q

pleural cavity

A

Space between the layers of the pleura.

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23
Q

pulmonary parenchyma

A

Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli.

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24
Q

respiration

A

Exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) at the lung capillaries (external respiration or breathing) and within individual cells (internal respiration).

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25
trachea
Windpipe
26
Asphyxia
Extreme decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body with increase of CO2 leads to loss of consciousness
27
Asthma
Spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchial airway obstruction
28
Atelectasis
Collapsed lung
29
bronchiectasis
Chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection. This condition is caused by chronic infection with loss of elasticity of the bronchi.
30
chronic bronchitis
Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
31
cystic fibrosis (CF)
Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.
32
Emphysema
Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls. Along with chronic bronchitis and asthma, emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
33
Hemoptysis
Spitting up of blood
34
Hemothorax
Blood in pleural cavity
35
Pneumoconiosis
Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
36
Pneumonia
Acute inflammation and infection of the alveoli; usually caused by bacteria, fungi or viruses
37
pulmonary edema
Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles.
38
pulmonary embolism (PE)
Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
39
pulmonary fibrosis
Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs
40
sarcoidosis
Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.
41
Tuberculosis
An infectious disease caused by bacilli bacteria. | The lungs and other organs are affected
42
pleural effusion
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity).
43
pneumothorax
Collection of air in the pleural space
44
pulmonary infarction
Area of necrosis (death of lung tissue).
44
exudates
Fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation.
45
infiltrate
Collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic image.
46
palliative
Relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease
47
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Measurement of ventilation (breathing capability) of the lungs. Spirometer is the instrument used to measure the air taken into and breathed out of the lungs.
48
Sputum test
An expelled or expectorated sputum specimen is provided by a patient coughing and tested for bacteria
49
Tuberculin test
Agent is injected just under the skin and is monitored for a reaction. Redness and swelling result in people sensitive to the test substance and indicate previous or current infection with TB (tuberculosis)
50
Bronchoscopy
Visual examination of the bronchial tubes with an endoscope
51
Chest x-ray Film
X-ray image of the chest in the AP (anterposterior), PA (posteranteriour) and lateral side views
52
Laryngoscopy
Visual examination of the larynx via placement of a flexible tube (laryngoscope) through the nose or mouth and into the larynx
53
Pulmonary Angiography
X-ray images taken of blood vessels in the lung after an injection of contrast material. A pulmonary embolism can be located with this procedure
54
Pulmonary ventilation-perfusion scans
Procedures that show air flow (ventilation) and blood supply (perfusions) to the lungs via the distribution of radioactive material in the lung tissue after the radioactive material is intravenously injected or is inhaled
55
CO2
Carbon dioxide (gas expelled from lungs)
56
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Chronic bronchitis or emphysema
57
CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
58
CXR
Chest x-ray
59
O2
Oxygen (gas entering the bloodstream through the lungs)
60
PE
Pulmonary embolism
61
PFTs
Pulmonary function tests
62
SOB
Shortness of breath
63
URI
Upper respiratory infection
64
VATS
Video-assisted thoracic surgery (using small incision and endoscope)
65
purulent
Containing pus.
66
endotracheal intubation
Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway
67
thoracentesis
Needle is inserted into pleural space to remove excess fluid
68
thoracotomy
Large surgical incision of the chest.
69
thoracoscopy (thorascopy)
Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope.
70
tracheostomy
Surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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