12. Respiratory System

Question 1

Asphyxia

Answer 1

Extreme decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body with increase of CO2 leads to loss of consciousness

Question 2

Asthma

Answer 2

Spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchial airway obstruction

Question 3

Atelectasis

Answer 3

Collapsed lung

Question 4

Emphysema

Answer 4

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.
Along with chronic bronchitis and asthma, emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 5

Hemoptysis

Answer 5

Spitting up of blood

Question 6

Hemothorax

Answer 6

Blood in pleural cavity

Question 7

Pneumoconiosis

Answer 7

Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

Question 8

Tuberculosis

Answer 8

An infectious disease caused by bacilli bacteria.

The lungs and other organs are affected

Question 9

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)

Answer 9

Measurement of ventilation (breathing capability) of the lungs. Spirometer is the instrument used to measure the air taken into and breathed out of the lungs.

Question 10

Sputum test

Answer 10

An expelled or expectorated sputum specimen is provided by a patient coughing and tested for bacteria

Question 11

Tuberculin test

Answer 11

Agent is injected just under the skin and is monitored for a reaction. Redness and swelling result in people sensitive to the test substance and indicate previous or current infection with TB (tuberculosis)

Question 12

Bronchoscopy

Answer 12

Visual examination of the bronchial tubes with an endoscope

Question 13

Chest x-ray Film

Answer 13

X-ray image of the chest in the AP (anterposterior), PA (posteranteriour) and lateral side views

Question 14

Laryngoscopy

Answer 14

Visual examination of the larynx via placement of a flexible tube (laryngoscope) through the nose or mouth and into the larynx

Question 15

Pulmonary Angiography

Answer 15

X-ray images taken of blood vessels in the lung after an injection of contrast material. A pulmonary embolism can be located with this procedure

Question 16

Pulmonary ventilation-perfusion scans

Answer 16

Procedures that show air flow (ventilation) and blood supply (perfusions) to the lungs via the distribution of radioactive material in the lung tissue after the radioactive material is intravenously injected or is inhaled

Question 17

CO2

Answer 17

Carbon dioxide (gas expelled from lungs)

Question 18

COPD

Answer 18

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic bronchitis or emphysema

Question 19

CPR

Answer 19

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Question 20

CXR

Answer 20

Chest x-ray

Question 21

O2

Answer 21

Oxygen (gas entering the bloodstream through the lungs)

Question 22

PE

Answer 22

Pulmonary embolism

Question 23

PFTs

Answer 23

Pulmonary function tests

Question 24

SOB

Answer 24

Shortness of breath

Question 25

URI

Answer 25

Upper respiratory infection

Question 26

VATS

Answer 26

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (using small incision and endoscope)