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Medical Terminology > 18. Endocrine System > Flashcards

18. Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Enlargement of the extremities caused by hyper-secretion from the anterior portion of the pituitary gland after puberty

A

Acromegaly

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2
Q

A group of clinical features produced by excess secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Signs and symptoms
include obesity, moon-like faces (fullness of the face),
hyperglycemia, osteoporosis

A

Cushing Syndrome

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3
Q

Disorder of the pancreas that causes increased blood

sugar levels. Type 1 is insulin dependent diabetes, Type 2 is non-insulin dependent diabetes

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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4
Q

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

Goiter

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5
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Over activity of the thyroid gland; also called Graves disease or exophthalmic goiter (eyeballs bulge outward)

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6
Q

DM

A

Diabetes mellitus

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7
Q

GH

A

Growth hormone (secreted by the pituitary gland)

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8
Q

GTT

A

Glucose tolerance test (measures the ability to respond to a glucose load; test for diabetes mellitus)

Laboratory test that measures blood glucose levels at various intervals after patient has ingested glucose

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9
Q

K+

A

Potassium (an elctrolyte)

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10
Q

Na+

A

Sodium (an electrolyte)

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11
Q

T3

A

Triiodothyronine (hormone from the thyroid gland)

Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; stimulates body metabolism, contains 3 iodine atoms

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12
Q

T4

A

Thyroxine (hormone from the thyroid gland)

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13
Q

Tetany

A

Constant muscle contraction; associated with hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism

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14
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

Posterior section of endocrine gland located in sella turcica; secretes ADH and oxytocin

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15
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas; lowers blood sugar

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16
Q

Pancreas

A

Gland behind the stomach; secretes insulin and glucagon

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17
Q

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

A

Insulin deficiency or resistance leading to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis

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18
Q

Thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine, T4)

A

Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland to increase body metabolism, contains 4 iodine atoms

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19
Q

Kal/i

A

Potassium (K)

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20
Q

Ketoacidosis

A

Fats are improperly burned; leading to accumulation of ketones in the body

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21
Q

Parathormone (PTH)

A

Hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium

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22
Q

Element required to make T3 and T4

A

Iodine

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23
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland to stimulate hormone secretion and egg production

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24
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Deficient production of parathyroid hormone (tetany results)

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25
Hypothalamus
Part of the brain that controls the secretions of the pituitary gland
26
Cortisol
Hormone secreted by adrenal cortex; stress hormone that increases blood sugar
27
Thyroid function tests (TFT)
Laboratory test that measures T3, T4, and TSH in the bloodstream
28
Cushing syndrome
Increased cortisol secretion from adrenal gland; causes obesity and moonface
29
Adenohypophysis
Anterior section of endocrine gland located in the sella turcica; secretes FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, GH, Prolactin (FLAT GP)
30
Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Laboratory test that measures blood glucose levels
31
Goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency
32
Thyroid gland
Endocrine gland located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine
33
Hyperparathyroidism
Increased secretion of parathormone from parathyroid glands
34
Oxytocin
Hormone secreted by posterior pituitary; stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth
35
Exophthalmos
Protrusion of eyeballs; symptom of hyperthyroidism; proptosis
36
Progesterone
Hormone secreted by the ovaries; involved in menstrual cycle and pregnancy
37
Hyperthyroidism
Increased secretion by thyroid gland hormones, can lead to thyrotoxicosis
38
Glycogen
Starch; storage form of sugar
39
andr/o
Male
40
Target tissue
Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones
41
Prolactin
Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; promotes milk secretion
42
Pituitary gland (aka Hypophysis)
Pea-sized endocrine gland located at base of brain in depression of skull (sella turcica)
43
Addison disease
Hypofunctioning of adrenal cortex; decreased secretion of aldosterone and cortisol
44
calc/o, calci/o
Calcium
45
Cretinism
Extreme hypothyroidism in childhood; causes lack of physical and mental growth
46
Thalamus
Main relay centre of the brain
47
Graves' disease
Overactivity of the thyroid gland (thyrotoxicosis); causes exophthalmos
48
Noradrenaline
Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure; also called norepinephrine
49
Testes
Two endocrine glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; secrete testosterone
50
Panhypopituitarism
Deficiency of all pituitary gland hormones
51
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; acts on the thyroid gland
52
Parathyroid glands
Four small endocrine glands on the posterior side of the thyroid gland; secrete parathormone
53
estr/o, gynec/o
Female
54
Exocrine glands
Type of gland that sends chemical substances (tears, sweat, milk, saliva) via ducts to outside of body
54
Pancreas
Endocrine gland behind the stomach; secretes insulin and glucagon
55
Aldosterone
Hormone secreted by adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption
56
Neurohypophysis
Posterior section of gland located in sella turcica; secretes ADH and oxytocin
57
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; promotes ovulation (females) or testosterone secretion (males)
58
Parathormone (PTH)
Underactive parathyroid results in a deficiency of this hormone
59
Home/o
Constant
60
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones
61
Gonadotropins
Group of hormones secreted in the anterior pituitary gland that act on the ovaries and testes
62
en-, end-, endo-
In, within
63
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst
64
Parathyroid hormone (Parathormone; PTH)
Hormone that increases blood calcium levels by mobilizing calcium from bones
65
Growth hormone (GH)
Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary; increases bone and tissue growth
66
dips/o
Thirst
67
Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1
Insulin deficiency caused by autoantibodies against one’s own pancreatic cells
68
Ovaries
Endocrine glands in lower abdomen of female; responsible for egg production and hormone secretion
69
Natr/o
Sodium (Na)
70
Hyperglycemia
Excessively high blood sugar levels
71
Calcium
Mineral substance regulated by parathormone and calcitonin
72
Adrenal glands
Endocrine glands on top of kidneys ## Footnote Adrenal cortex is the outer portion of the gland that secretes cortisol, aldosterone and sex hormones
73
Glucagon
Hormone secreted by the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose
74
Myxedema
Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood
75
Adrenal medulla
Inner section of gland above kidneys; secretes sympathomimetic hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
76
Hyperkalemia
Excessive potassium in the blood
77
Calcitonin
Hormone that stimulates calcium to leave blood and enter bone; decreases blood calcium levels
78
gluc/o, glyc/o, glycos/o
Glucose
79
Hypogonadism
Deficiency of gonadotropins
80
Diabetes insipidus (DI)
Inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from pituitary, causing polyuria and polydipsia
81
Dwarfism
Congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone from anterior pituitary, results in short stature
82
Glucose
Simple sugar; blood levels of this substance are controlled by insulin and glucagon
83
Myx/o
Mucus
84
Insulin
Hormone secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas; lowers blood sugar
85
Magnetic waves produce images of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to locate abnormalities
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
86
Adrenal virilism
Excessive secretion of adrenal gland androgens; causes hirsutism
87
gonad/o
Sex glands; ovaries and testes
88
Thyroid carcinoma
Malignant tumor of thyroid gland
89
Sella turcica
Cavity in sphenoid bone the skull that contains the pituitary gland
90
Estrogen
Hormone secreted by ovaries; for female reproduction and secondary sex characteristics
91
Hormone
Substance secreted by endocrine gland to influence structure or function of organ or gland
92
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Hormone secreted by posterior pituitary gland; decreases urine production; vasopressin
93
-tropin
Stimulate
94
Testosterone
Hormone secreted by the testes; for sperm production and secondary sex characteristics in males
95
Adrenaline
Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure; also called epinephrine
96
ex-, exo-
Out, away from
97
Hirsutism
Excessive hair growth due to excessive secretion of adrenal androgens
98
Hypophysectomy
Surgical removal of the pituitary gland
99
crin/o
Secrete

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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