1.1 history Flashcards
(16 cards)
What was Jabir ibn Hayyan, or ‘Geber’? known for?(3)
-thought to be the author of 22 scrolls describing methods of distillation, crystallization, sublimation, and evaporation
-invented the alembic, a device used to distill and study acids
-developed an early chemical classification of the properties of the materials he studied (spirits, metals, and non-malleable substances)
What was Robert Boyle known for? (3)
-discovered the inverse relationship between volume and pressure of a gas
-“all reality and change can be described in terms of elementary particles and their motion”.
-Wrote the first chemistry textbook, “The Skeptical Cymist”, which moved the study of substances away from the mystical associations with alchemy .
Who was known as the ‘father of chemistry’?
Jabir ibn Hayyan, or ‘Geber’.
What was Joseph Priestly known for? (2)
-disproving that air was an indivisible element and instead showed that it was made up of many different gases by isolating oxygen
-Went on to discover 7 discrete gases.
What was Jacques Charles known for? (1)
-Stated direct relationship between temperature and pressure of gases.
What was Joseph Proust known for? (1)
-Stated the Law of Definite Proportions.
What was Antoine Lavoisier known for independently? (4)
-helping to develop the metric system
-discovered the Law of Conservation of Mass
-published “Methods of Chemical Nomenclature”
-he wrote the first modern chemistry textbook, “Elementary Treatise of Chemistry”.
What was Amedeo Avogadro known for? (1)
-Italian lawyer who clarified difference between atoms and molecules.
What was John Dalton known for? (2)
-he determined the relative masses of particles for six of the known elements: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, and phosphorous
-He explained his findings by stating 5 principles of the first atomic theory of matter
What was Dmitri Mendeleev known for? (1)
-developed the first periodic table of the elements, listing the 63 known elements
Who discovered radiation?
Henri Becquerel
Which three got a Nobel Prize for the discovery of radioactivity, and showed that certain elements emit energy at fixed rates?
Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, and Marie Curie.
Who discovered that energy must be emitted in discrete units, not in continuous waves, photons, which he called quanta?
Max Planck
What was Ernst Rutherford known for?(1)
-Discovered that electrons move around nucleus
Who solved the problem of electrons, by showing with a model that photons are emitted only at certain frequencies?
Niels Bohr
What did James Chadwick get a Nobel Prize for?
-discovering that there is an equal number of electrically neutral particles in the atom’s nucleus
