1.8 part 1 Flashcards
(19 cards)
The ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in carbohydrates is always what?
2:1
Example: C6 H12 O6
What are Carbohydrates made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen ONLY.
What are Lipids made up of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen ONLY.
Any formula for a lipid will have how much hydrogen and oxygen?
Any lipid will have MORE than twice the amount of hydrogen atoms than oxygen atoms.
Hydrogen atoms > 2*Oxygen atoms
What are the three major groups of lipids?
Triglycerides, steroids, and phospholipids.
What do triglycerides look like?
They consist of 3 fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol.
What do steroids look like?
They have a backbone of four carbon rings joined to each other.
What do phospholipids look like?
They are exactly like triglycerides, except in place of one of the fatty acids is a phosphate group.
What are proteins made of?
Proteins consist of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen, sometimes others. (Always CHON)
What other atoms does Protein sometimes have?
Sulfur, Phosphorus, Iron, Copper, or Magnesium.
What do proteins look like?
Proteins consist of chains of amino acids, peptides.
What do nucleic acids consist of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus (CHONP).
What is nucleic acid?
Nucleic acid is a type of biological polymer made up of chains of nucleotide monomers.
What is a nucleotide made up of?
A base containing Nitrogen, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is a hydrocarbon?
Molecules that contain only Carbon and Hydrogen.
What does an alcohol look like?
Attached to the backbone, one of the H’s at the end is an OH instead, but they MUST be directly attached.
What does a Carboxylic acid look like?
OH at the end, but attached to that Carbon is also a double-bonded O.
What does an Aldehyde look like?
Double-bonded O off the carbon, along with an H coming off that same Carbon.
THE H IS AT THE END!
aldeHyde
