1.1 Water Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is water a dipole molecule

A

Water contains both positive (hydrogen) and negative (oxygen) regions to its molecule

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2
Q

What causes the dipole in water

A

The greater electronegativity of the oxygen atom, draws the shared electrons in the covalent bond between the oxygen and hydrogen towards it.
Giving it a slightly negative charge. The hydrogen atom has a slightly positive charge.

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3
Q

What is a hydrogen bond

A
  • Weak bonds
  • between + hydrogen and - oxygen of another water molecule
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4
Q

what is cohesion

A
  • water molecules show a strong attraction. = cohesion
  • allows volumes of water to be drawn up the xylem vessels without breaking
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5
Q

what temp does water have maximum density
why is this good

A
  • 4 degrees celsius
  • Ice floats insulating water below, protecting aquatic habitats
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6
Q

why can insects walk on water

A

Surface tension due to cohesion

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7
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree.

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8
Q

What is the latent heat of vaporisation?

A

The energy needed for a substance to change from liquid to gas (evaporate)

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9
Q

Why is it beneficial for an animal to have a high latent heat of vaporisation?

A

For cooling. A large amount of body heat is required to evaporate sweat (energy is needed to break H bonds between water molecules)

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10
Q

What property of water allows it to act as a transport medium?

A

Its polarity
enables it to be a solvent for other polar molecules e.g. plasma transports glucose and ions in animals

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11
Q

Give examples of water as a metabolite.

A

Required for photosynthesis and hydrolysis reactions
Produced during respiration and condensation reactions

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12
Q

Why is it beneficial that water is transparent?

A

It allows light to pass through, enabling aquatic plants to photosynthesise

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13
Q
A
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