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WJEC Biology AS-Level > 1.5 DNA and RNA (nucleic acids) > Flashcards

1.5 DNA and RNA (nucleic acids) Flashcards

1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic acid

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3
Q

What are the two functions of DNA?

A
  • replication
  • protein synthesis
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4
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

-rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
-tRNA (transfer RNA)
-mRNA (messenger RNA)

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5
Q

Which is longer, DNA or RNA.

A

DNA

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6
Q

Which bases are pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine

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7
Q

Which bases are purines?

A

Adenine
Guanine

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8
Q

Complementary bases are linked by bonds, what type of bonds are these?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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9
Q

What does antiparallel mean?

A

Strands run in opposite directions while being parallel

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10
Q

What is the shape of DNA?

A

Double stranded, double helix

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11
Q

what is a purine?

A

two rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms

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12
Q

pyrimidines

A

a single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms

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13
Q

what is nucleotide polymerisation

A

nucleotides join together via a condensation reaction (-H20)

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14
Q

what bonds form during nucleotide polymerisation

A

phosphodiester bonds (covalent)

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15
Q

where do phosphodiester bonds form

A

between phosphate group of one nucleotide and hydroxyl group on carbon 3 (of the sugar) of another

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16
Q

do bases take part in in polymerisation?

A

no. there is a sugar-phosphate backbone

17
Q

what do many nucleotides form

A

a polynucleotide

18
Q

describe the structure of DNA

A
  • double stranded + wound to form double helix
  • antiparallel, both strands joined by hydrogen bonds
  • complimentary base pairs form
19
Q

what is the function of DNA

A

(genetic material)
∴ replication + expression (protein synthesis)

20
Q

what does replication mean

A

DNA must be copied every time a cell divides

21
Q

what does expression mean

A

genes on DNA control characteristics.

22
Q

what is a gene

A

a section of DNA which codes for a particular protein

23
Q

what is transcription

A

making RNA

24
Q

what is translation

A

making proteins

25
Q

describe the structure of RNA

A
  • single stranded
  • shorter (than DNA)
26
Q

DNA vs RNA

A

RNA has sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose
RNA has base uracil instead of thymine
RNA is single stranded
RNA is shorter than DNA

27
Q

what is the function of mRNA

A

carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes

28
Q

what is the function of rRNA

A

ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis

29
Q

what is the function of tRNA

A

transports amino acids to ribsomes

30
Q
A

WJEC Biology AS-Level (68 decks)

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