2.1 Classification and biodiverity

Question 1

taxonomy

Answer 1

the identification and naming of organisms

Question 2

classifications

Answer 2

putting items into groups

Question 3

hierarchey

Answer 3

a system of ranking where smaller groups are nested components of larger groups

Question 4

hierarchey

Answer 4

a system of ranking where smaller groups are nested components of larger groups

Question 5

taxon

Answer 5

any group within a system of classification

Question 6

hierarchey of biological classification:

Answer 6

D, King, Philip, Cried, Out, For, Goodness, sake

doman
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

Question 7

What are the characteristics of animals?

Answer 7

Multicellular eukaryotes
Nervous coordination
No cell wall
Heterotrophic (consume and digest food)

Question 8

What are the characteristics of fungi?

Answer 8

Heterotrophic eukaryotes
Chitin cell wall
Reproduce by spores
Most have filaments called hyphae

Question 9

What are the characteristics of protists?
(simple eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants nor animals or fungi.)

Answer 9

Unicellular
No tissue differentiation

Question 10

What is an extremophile?

Answer 10

Microbes that are able to exist in extreme conditions of temperature, pH, salinity or pressure

Question 11

What is the main problem of classifying organisms based on appearance?

Answer 11

Morphological convergence

Different species are subjected to the same selection pressures so develop similar features

Question 12

Give an example of morphological convergence.

Answer 12

The development of wings in birds and insects

Question 13

What is an example of divergent evolution?

Answer 13

Pentadactyl limb

Homologous feature - evolved from same structure for different functions

Question 14

What biochemical techniques can be used to avoid mis-classification due to convergent evolution?

Answer 14

DNA ‘genetic fingerprinting’ - similar banding patterns

Protein sequencing

Question 15

What is biodiversity?

Answer 15

The number of species (species richness) and the relative number of individuals within each species (species evenness)

Question 16

What is polymorphism?

Answer 16

The presence of multiple alleles at a locus

Question 17

What type of adaptations do organisms have?

Answer 17

• Behavioural
• Morphological
• Physiological

Question 18

How has biodiversity been generated?

Answer 18

Natural selection

Question 19

How is biodiversity measured at a molecular level?

Answer 19

Analysing base sequences within DNA to look for variations within species

Question 20

What are the main inaccuracies when counting river invertebrates?

Answer 20

Misidentification
Miscounting in tray
Not all organisms in stream captured

Question 21

How is biodiversity measured at a genetic level?

Answer 21

Assessing the degree of polymorphism within a population

Question 22

How is biodiversity measured at species level?

Answer 22

Simpson’s Diversity Index

Question 23

analogous structures

Answer 23

Have evolved from different structures for the same function

Question 24

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 24

Prokaryotae
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 25

What are the characteristics of prokaryotes?

Answer 25

-No membrane-bound organelles -No nuclear envelope (circular DNA free in cytoplasm) -Cell wall does not contain cellulose or chitin

Question 26

What biochemical techniques can be used to avoid mis-classification due to convergent evolution

Answer 26

DNA 'genetic fingerprinting' DNA hybridisation Protein sequencing - amino acid DNA sequencing - base Protein immunology

Question 27

Why is genetic diversity important?

Answer 27

Diverse gene pool enables a population to adapt more readily to a changing environment

Question 28

What are the characteristics of plants?

Answer 28

Multicellular eukaryotes Cell walls made of cellulose Carry out photosynthesis (autotrophic)

Question 29

What factors affect biodiversity?

Answer 29

Habitat loss Invasive species Pollution Population growth Overexploitation

Question 30

What does phylogenetic mean?

Answer 30

the study of evolutionary relationships among biological entities

Question 31

Why is classification described as “tentative”?

Answer 31

classification is based on the information available at the time and is subject to change as new information comes to light

Question 32

what are the 3 domains

Answer 32

Archaea, the Bacteria, and the Eukarya

Question 33

what is homologous

Answer 33

Homology is the similarity in structure between different organisms based on their descent from a common, evolutionary ancestor.

Question 34

what does analogus mean

Answer 34

similar or comparable to something else either in general or in some specific detail.