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VMS2007 Pathology of the Endocrine, and Neurological Systems and Organs of Special Senses > Key Terminology & Definitions EAR > Flashcards

Key Terminology & Definitions EAR Flashcards

1
Q

Otitis

A

Inflammation of the ear

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2
Q

Primary otits causes

A

Directly induced inflammation of the external ear canal & therefore can cause the disease by themselves - when infection keeps coming back e.g. Infectious (ectoparasites, fungal, viral), hypersensitivity disorders, immune-mediated skin diseases (puppy strangles)

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3
Q

CAFR

A

Cutaneous adverse food reaction (CAFR), DDx = atopy

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4
Q

Cystomatosis

A

Relating to a type of glandular secretion in which the apical portion of the secreting cell is released along with the secretory products

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5
Q

Pustule

A

Pocket of pus in epidermis, will become a crust (scab)

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6
Q

Actinic dermatitis

A

Eczema or dermatitis that is caused by abnormal skin sensitivity to sunlight (photosensitivity) = sunburn

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7
Q

Secondary otitis causes

A

Don’t create disease in a normal ear, they only contribute to or cause inflammation/damage in the abnormal ear e.g. bacteria, yeast, treatment

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8
Q

Staphylococcus histo appearance

A

Cocci in tetrads/pairs

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9
Q

Streptococci histo appearance

A

Chains

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10
Q

Perpetuating factors of otitis

A

Prevent resolution and increase risk of recurrence (relapse) of otitis (alter structure, function + physiology of ear canal, combined with causes, can exacerbate inflammation/symptoms of otitis e.g. progressive pathologic changes, tympanic membrane alterations

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11
Q

Salpingitis

A

Inflammation of tube e.g. guttural pouch, eustachian tube

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12
Q

Guttural pouch tympany

A

Pouch filled with air

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13
Q

Guttural pouch empyema

A

Pus in cavity

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14
Q

Guttural pouch mycosis

A

Fungi e.g. Aspergillus spp.

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15
Q

Predisposing factors of otitis

A

Inc the risk of developing otitis but unable to cause clinical disease themselves (need primary + perpetuating factors) e.g. anatomical configuration/conformation

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16
Q

Cytology stained samples from skin, nail, ear

A

Looks for bacteria, yeast, condenser is up and close to stage, bright light source w/ dec contrast

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17
Q

Cytology microscopy unstained samples in mineral oil

A

Looks for parasites, condenser is down and away from stage, dim light w/ inc contrast

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18
Q

Myrinogotomy

A

Procedure to create a hole in the ear drum to allow fluid that is trapped in the middle ear to drain out - cut into tympanic bulla, difficult without video otoscope

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19
Q

Total ear canal obliteration

A

Remove ear canal = end-stage ear - lose a lot of hearing func

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20
Q

Pinna

A

(Auricle) - irregularly shaped plate of elastic cartilage covered by thin skin

21
Q

Meatus acusticus externus (ear canal)

A

The canal that extends from pinna to tympanic mem, covered by stratified squamous epithelium containing hair follicles, sebaceous glands, ceruminous glands

22
Q

Middle ear

A

Tympanic mem, tympanic cavity, auditory ossicles

Continuous with auditory (Eustachian tube) which connects to nasopharynx

23
Q

Auditory ossicles

A

Malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)

24
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Separates external and middle ear at the base of the external auditory meatus (ear canal)

25
Q

External surface of tympanic mem

A

Stratified squamous epithelium (like rest of external ear)

26
Q

Internal surface of tympanic mem

A

Simple squamous epithelium, continuous with tympanic cavity

27
Q

Hearing

A

Function cerebral cortex

28
Q

Pinna

A

External cartilage

29
Q

Temporal bone

A

Location of inner ear - hard to preserve for histology

30
Q

Facial canal

A

Separated from middle ear by thin connective tissue + simple squamous epithelium. Facial nerve paralysis is common sequela following otitis media

31
Q

Amplitude

A

Volume

32
Q

Frequency

A

Pitch

33
Q

Auditory reflex

A

Turning head in response to sound = brainstem reflex

34
Q

Anotia

A

Growth disorder - absence of an ear

35
Q

Microtia

A

Growth disorder - ear has not formed properly and is small compared to what would be considered normal for the individual/species.

36
Q

Polyotia

A

Growth disorder - many (poly-) ears/pinnae

37
Q

Other names for aural plaques/papillomas of the ear

A

Equine ear papillomas, papillary acanthoma, hyperplastic dermatitis of the ear, ear fungus

38
Q

Aural haematoma

A

Blood vessel bursts within pinna, serosanguinous fluid formed haemorrhage distends the pinna and creates a cavity between the skin and cartilage of pinna

39
Q

Pus

A

Formed by a vast array of neutrophils entering into an area the body recognises as being under attack from a bacterial pathogen.

40
Q

Granulomatous response

A

Suspect mycobacteria spp. involvement

41
Q

Mucoperiosteal exostoses

A

New bone growth - firm + bony protrusions, originate from mucoperiosteum of tympanic bulla

42
Q

Dentigerous cyst / temporal odontomatas

A

Masses with an ectopic tooth or teeth in them and can swell and rupture through the skin, typically towards the base of the aural pinna

43
Q

Dermoid cyst

A

Similar to dentigerous cyst without tooth present

44
Q

Mammonongamus auris

A

Cat ear-worm

45
Q

Acantholysis

A

Loss of coherence between epidermal desmosomes (adhere epidermal keratinocytes) due to the breakdown of intercellular bridges; separation of keratinocytes, seen in pemphigus foliaceous auto-immune disease

46
Q

Guttural pouch tympany

A

Pouch filled with air

47
Q

Guttural pouch empyema

A

Pus/suppuration in cavity

48
Q

Presbycusis

A

Age-related deafness caused by arthritis between auditory ossicles so cannot transmit pressure waves sound into fluid waves in perilymph through vestibular window

VMS2007 Pathology of the Endocrine, and Neurological Systems and Organs of Special Senses (36 decks)

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