Ear Histopathology Flashcards
What are the five main pathological processes? (5)
- Growth disturbance
- Congenital
- Hyperplasia
- Neoplasia
- Inflammation
- Vascular disturbance
- Minerals and pigments
- Degenerative
Morphologic diagnosis - what factors do you consider? (5)
- Organ
- Pathologic process
- Severity
- Mild, moderate, marked, severe
- Chronicity
- Acute, subacute, chronic
- Distribution
- Diffuse, focal, multifocal, etc.
- e.g. mild chronic diffuse hepatic necrosis
Give the (single word) morphologic diagnosis for this image of a dog. The radiograph is from the same animal. What is going on here?
Anotia - the absence of an ear
What is microtia?
What is polyotia?
What are aural plaques? - What are the other names for them? (4)
What is an aural haematoma? (3)
When a blood vessel bursts within the pinna, often associated with excessive shaking of the head- which may indicate otitis
What is dermatophilus congolensis?
What does squamous cell carcinoma involve?
What are other neoplasms of the ear of cats? (4)
- Trichoplastomas (basal cell tumours)
- Vascular tumours
- Mast cell tumours
- Ceruminous adenocarcinoma (ACA) more common than adenomas
What are the other neoplasms of the ear in dogs? (4)
- Mast cell tumours
- Histiocytomas
- Plasmacytomas
- Sebaceous tumours
This image shows cells collected from an FNA in a cat’s ear. What would your diagnosis be based on the morphology of the cells?
SCC - these cells are polygonal, closely associated with each other with a large cytoplasm. Some have large nuclei with prominent nucleoli. As a result, we can conclude they are a malignant population of epithelial cells; in this case SCC.
What does a mast cell tumour involve? (3)
What one word can be used to describe the changes on the pinna?
Erythema - due to otitis externa
What does this image show (morphological diagnosis)? (4)
- Bilateral suppurative otitis externa (cow)
- Both of the tympanic bullae are full of pus.
- This means the condition is bilateral rather than unilateral.
- The infection occurs through the nasopharyngeal ascent of bacteria through the auditory tubes (remember they connect!).
- Pus can be described as purulent or suppurative; as the pus has likely pooled and collected in the bullae, suppurative is preferred in this description. Over time, the body usually tries to ‘wall off’ accumulation of pus and dry it out (‘inspissated pus’), forming an abscess. This is starting to occur here.
What are aural inflammatory polyps?
What are aural melanomas? (3)
What are canine leproid granulomas? (6)
- This condition is caused by a Mycobacterium, in this case one related Mycobacterium simiae.
- In dogs it is considered to be self-limiting.
- As it is a Mycobacterium, ZN (‘acid fast’) staining can be used to visualise the pathogen histologically (or cytologically).
What are mucoperiosteal exostoses? (2)
What is dermatophytosis? (3)
What are dentigerious cysts / temporal odontomatas? (5)
What is proliferative otitis externa?
Condition in cats which, when it occurs, usually does so in individuals from two months to around five years of age and usually regresses spontaneously.
What are the histological characteristics of proliferative necrotising otitis externa lesions? (4)
What is feline ceruminous cystomatosis? (3)
Cat’s middle ear
Mammonongamus auris (ear-worm)
What is aural necrosis? (2)
- Consequence of vascular disturbance (thrombosis) resulting in infarction. If this is prolonged, gangrene develops. The changes seen in these images are diffuse.
- Condition can be triggered by a variety of things such as pathogens like septicaemic salmonellosis, toxins such as is seen in ergotism, immune-mediated disease or physical factors such as cold injury.
