Chapter 10 - Plants

Question 1

What does a seed consist of?

Answer 1

seed coat, embryo, storage material (usually food)

Question 2

What is the seed coat?

Answer 2

hard outer layer that covers and protects the seed from various external forces

Question 3

What is the purpose of storage material in a seed?

Answer 3

Provides nutrients to the embryo

Question 4

Nutrients are stores in seeds in the form of _____

Answer 4

endosperm

Question 5

The embryo consists of _ parts:

Answer 5

4: radicle, hypocotyl, plumule, epicotyl

Question 6

The ____ is the part of the embryo that develops into the young root

Answer 6

Radicle

Question 7

Which parts of the embryo make up the young shoot?

Answer 7

hypocotyl, plumule, epicotyl

Question 8

The hypocotyl is the:

Answer 8

bottom region of the young shoot

Question 9

The epicotyl develops into the:

Answer 9

very top region of the young shoot (shoot tip)

Question 10

What is the plumule?

Answer 10

Develops into the young leaves in the plant embryo

Question 11

What is germination?

Answer 11

Sprouting of a seedling after a period of dormancy

Question 12

When does a seed break dormancy?

Answer 12

When environmental conditions become suitable for growth (water, temperature, light)

Question 13

What is the most important environmental cue that starts germination?

Answer 13

water

Question 14

Imbibition

Answer 14

absorption of water by the seed

Question 15

Imbibition causes:

Answer 15

seed swells and breaks the seed coat, activates certain enzymes to produce energy for growth process

Question 16

What are meristems?

Answer 16

Areas of a plant where growth takes place via mitosis

Question 17

What are the different types of meristem?

Answer 17

apical and lateral

Question 18

Apical meristems are located:

Answer 18

at the very tips of the roots/shoots

Question 19

Apical meristems cause what kind of growth in a plant?

Answer 19

Increases height of plant

Question 20

Lateral meristems cause what kind of growth?

Answer 20

horizontal - increases width/thickness of the plant

Question 21

Primary growth

Answer 21

Vertical plant growth at the apical meristems, happens before lateral growth (if any)

Question 22

___ ___ covers and protects the apical meristem at the root tips

Answer 22

Root cap

Question 23

Describe the growth of roots (various zones)?

Answer 23

• continual division at apical meristem
• creates zone of elongation where these cells absorb water
• zone of maturation is formed when cells differentiate into specific plant tissues

Question 24

Secondary growth

Answer 24

horizontal growth at the lateral meristems

Question 25

Lateral meristems include:

Answer 25

vascular cambium and cork cambium