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204 > The Lower Limb > Flashcards

The Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

In lower limbs extensors are?

A

Anterior and flexors and posterior at week 6-8

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2
Q

In the foetus there are?

A

Limb buds

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3
Q

Which is the longest bone of the body?

A

Femur

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4
Q

Iliacus comes?

A

Iliac fossa

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5
Q

What converts the notches into Foramen?

A

Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament

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6
Q

Between 2 trochanter of femur?

A

Intertrochanteric line anterior

And intertrochanteric ridge

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7
Q

Hip joint movements?

A 
Flexion
Extension
Adduction 
Abduction
Medial and lateral rotation
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8
Q

Knee joint movement?

A

Flexion
Extension
Locking and unlocking

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9
Q

Ankle joint movements?

A

Dorsiflexion

Plantarflexion

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10
Q

Foot joint movements?

A

Inversion eversion
Extension flexion
Supination and pronation

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11
Q

Medial part of thigh contains?

A

Adductors of thigh

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12
Q

Leg contains a lateral part which includes?

A

Everters of the foot

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13
Q

Gluteus maximus helps with?

A

Extension and lateral rotation

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14
Q

Gluteus medius and minimus helps with?

A

Abduction and medial rotation

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15
Q

Gluteus maximus origin and insertion?

A

Origin is ilium and inserts onto gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract- thickening of deep fascia

Nerve- inferior gluteal nerve

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16
Q

Gluteus medius and minimus origin and insertion?

A

Ilium to greater trochanter

Supply by superior gluteal nerve

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17
Q

Small muscle of gluteal region origin and insertion, role?

A

Origin is sacrum/ ischiopubic ramus
Insert on to greater trochanter

Lateral rotator

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18
Q

Piriformis comes through?

A

Greater sciatic Foramen

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19
Q

Lateral rotators?

A

Gemellus superior and inferior
Obturator internus
And quadratus femoris

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20
Q

Anterior compartment?

A

Quadriceps- extension of leg, flexion of thigh only done by Rectus femoris

Vastus lateralis and medialis and intermedius

Sartorius

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21
Q

Quadriceps origin and insertion?

A

Origin anterior inferior iliac spine and femur

Insert- tibial tuberosity

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22
Q

Sartorius insertion and origin?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine to tibia

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23
Q

Vasta take origin from?

A

Linea aspira

24
Q

Sartorius role?

A

Hip- laterally rotated and abducted

Knee- flexed

25
Q

Hamstrings origin, insertion, and action?

A

Ischial tuberosity to tibia and fibula

Extension of thigh flexion of leg medial and lateral rotation

26
Q

Hamstrings include?

A

Biceps femoris, short head originates from femur
Semimembranous
Semitendinous

27
Q

Posterior compartment supplied by?

A

Sciatic nerve

28
Q

Adductors are supplied by which nerve?

A

Obturator nerve except pectineus and hamstrung part of AM

29
Q

Inguinal ligament runs from?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

30
Q

The small muscles of gluteal region are supplied by?

A

Branches from sacral plexus

31
Q

Sciatic nerve found under?

A

Piriformis

32
Q

What are small muscles of gluteal region?

A

Gemellus superior
Gemellus inferior
Obturator internus
Quadratus femoris

33
Q

What is origin and insertion of adductors?

A

Pubis/ischium to linea aspira

34
Q

Adductor part of adductor Magnus origin and insertion?

A

Ischipubic ramus to linea aspira

35
Q

Adductor Magnus hamstring part origin and insertion?

A

Ischial tuberosity to adductor tubercle

36
Q

Flexion of thigh happens through?

A

Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Iliopsoas

37
Q

Iliopsoas attaches onto?

A

Lesser trochanter

38
Q

Nerve supply lumbar and sacral plexus?

A

Lumbar: L1 to L4
Sacral: L4 and L5, S1-S4

39
Q

Femoral and obturator nerve both come from?

A

L2-L4

40
Q

Sciatic nerve comes from?

A

L4 to S3

41
Q

Femoral nerve supplies?

A

Motor to anterior compartment of thigh

Sensory: skin over anterior thigh, knee and medial side of leg and foot

42
Q

Saphenous nerve supplies?

A

Sensory to medial leg and foot

43
Q

Obturator nerve supplies?

A

Motor to medial compartment except pectineus and hamstring past of adductor Magnus

Sensory skin over medial thigh

44
Q

Sciatic nerve supplies?

A

Motor to posterior compartment of the thigh leg and foot and hamstring part of adductor Magnus

Sensory: skin over leg and foot except medial side

45
Q

Sciatic nerve divides into?

A

Tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerve, which then divides into superficial fibular and deep fibular

46
Q

Sural nerve innervates?

A

Sensory to lateral foot

47
Q

Femoral artery gives off?

A

Profunda femoris to posterior thigh

48
Q

When does femoral artery become popliteal artery?

A

After the adductor hiatus

49
Q

The popliteal artery gives off branches to?

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

50
Q

Femoral triangle borders formed by?

A

Medial part of sartorius and adductor longus and inguinal ligament

51
Q

What isn’t in the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral nerve

52
Q

What is the clinical importance of femoral triangle?

A

Venepuncture, femoral nerve block, angioplasty, femoral hernia (femoral canal)

53
Q

What does femoral artery run under?

A

Sartorius

54
Q

Damage to valves in perforating veins leads to pooling of blood in superficial veins called?

A

Varicosities.

Perforating veins connect superficial veins to deep veins

55
Q

Great saphenous vein drains and drains into?

A

Medial side of limb and medial side of arch

And then drains into femoral vein in femoral triangle

56
Q

Short saphenous vein drains and drains into?

A

Lateral side of arch and pierced deep popliteal fascia and then drains into popliteal vein

204 (58 decks)

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