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Psychology A-level > Psychopathology - cognitive approach to explaining depression > Flashcards

Psychopathology - cognitive approach to explaining depression Flashcards

1
Q

What did Beck do

A

ttok cogh approach to explaining why some people more vunerable to depression than others

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2
Q

What did Beck says creates vuenrability to depression

A

a persons cognitions i.e the way tehy think

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3
Q

What are the three parts to cognitive vulnerabilitu

A

Faulty Information Processing
Negative Self - Schema
Negative Triad

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4
Q

What is faulty information procesing

A

when depressed people atenD to negative aspects of a situation and ignore positives

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5
Q

Give an eg pf faulty information processing

A

win 1 mill but focus on fact last wek someone won 10million

instead of all the good i could obtain/do with a milly

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6
Q

what type of thinking do depressed people think

A

black and white thinking

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7
Q

What is black and white thinking

A

something is either all good or all bad

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8
Q

What is a Schemas

A

package of ideas and info developed thorugh excperience

acts as a mental framework for interpretation of sensory info

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9
Q

What is self schema

A

pack of info people have about themselves

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10
Q

People use schema to

A

interpret the world

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11
Q

If a person has a negative self schema how do they interpet all infotmation about themselves

A

in a negative way

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12
Q

what did beck say causes a perosn to develops a dysfunctiomal view of themselves

A

becuase of the 3 types of negatove thinking that occur automatically regardless of reality of what’s happening at the time

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13
Q

What are the three elements that make a person develop a dysfunctional view of themselves called

A

the negative triad

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14
Q

When a person is depressed what thoughts are uppermost

A

negative thoughts about
world ,
future
the self

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15
Q

State the negative triaf

A

negative view of the world
negative view of the future
negative view of the self

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16
Q

give an exampleof negative view of the world and what impression this creates

A

world is a cold ahrd palce

impression - no hope anywhere

17
Q

give an exampleof negative view of the future and what impression this resuces/enhances

A

there isnt much chance econ will relaly get better

reduce - hopefulness
emhance - depression

18
Q

give an exampleof negative view of self and what this enhances and why

A

i am a failure

enhance existing depressive feelings
as confirm emotions of low self esteem

19
Q

ELLIS ABC MODEL - What was his different explanation of depression/ he proposed

A

good mental health is result of rational thinking

20
Q

ELLIS ABC MODEL - what is rational thinking

A

thinking in ways that allow people to be happy and free from pain

21
Q

ELLIS ABC MODEL - to ellis conditions like anxiety and depression result form

A

irratinoal thought s

22
Q

ELLIS ABC MODEL - define irratinoal thoughts from ellis pov

A

thoughts that interfere with us being happy and free from pain

23
Q

ELLIS ABC MODEL - irrational thougts are not

A

illogical
unrealsitic

24
Q

ELLIS ABC MODEL - this explains how

A

irratinoal thoughts affect our behaviour and emotional stat e

25
Q

ELLIS ABC MODEL - what do ABC stand for

A

A - activating event
B- beliefs
C - onsequences

26
Q

A ACTIVATING EVENT - ellis focused on situations in which

A

irratinoal thoughts are triggered by external evennts

27
Q

A ACTIVATING EVENT - acording to ellis we get depressed when and what does this trigger

A

we experience negative events

these trigger irrational beliefs

28
Q

A ACTIVATING EVENT - give example of an activating event and what this may trigger

A

failing an important test

might trigger ittational beliefs

29
Q

B BELIEFS - ellis identified a range of

A

irrational beliefs

30
Q

B BELIEFS - What is musturbation

A

belief we must always suceed or ahchieve perfection

31
Q

B BELIEFS - what is i cant stand it itis

A

belief its a major disaster whenever something doesnt go smoothly

32
Q

B BELIEFS - what is utopianism

A

beleif life is alwasy meant to be fair

33
Q

C CONSEQUENCES - When an activating event triggers an emotional irratinoal beliefs there are …

A

emotional and behavioural consequences

34
Q

C CONSEQUENCES - for example if a person believes they must succed (musturbation) and then fails at something this can trigger

A

depression

35
Q

EVAL- strength beck supporting research

A

supporting research

clark and beck 1999 concluded not only were these cognitive vulnerabilities like faulty info processing more common in depressed people but they preceded the depression

this was confirmed in a more recent prospective study by Cohen et al 2019 tracked 473 adolescents development, regularly measuring cognitive vulnerability and found showing cognitive vulnerability predicted later depression

this shows that there is association between cognitive vulnerability and depression

36
Q

EVAL - strength beck real worl applciation

A

real world application in screening and tREATMENT FOR depression

cohen et al concluded assessing cognitive vulnerability allows psycholigitsts to screen young people, identifying those most at risk of developing depression and monitoring them

understanding cognitive vulnerability can also be applied in CBT to alter cognitions that make people vulnerable to depression,making person more resilient to -ve life events
means that understanding of cognitive vulnerability is useful in more than one aspect of clinical practice

37
Q

EVAL - ellis - stregth real world application

A

real world applciaion in psycho treatment of depression

his approach to cog therapry is REBT

idea is by vigorously arguing w a depressed person the therapist can alter the irrational beliefs making em unhappy

theres some evidence to support idea REBT can both change -ve beliefs and relieve symptoms of depression

meaning REBT got real world value

38
Q

EVAL limitation of ellsi - reactive and endogenous depression

A

it only explains reactive depression not endogenous depression

there seems to eb no doubt depression often trigerred by life events - what he would call activating events
such cases called reactive depression

how we repsonf to -ve life events also seems to be at least partly the result of our beliefs

but many cases of depression not traceable to life events and its not obvious what leads person to become depressed at aprticular tiem
this type of depression sometimes called endogenoues depression
ellis model less useful for explaining endogenous depression

meaning ellis model can only explain some cases of depression therefore only partial explanation

Psychology A-level (87 decks)

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