Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology A-level > Localisation of function in the brain > Flashcards

Localisation of function in the brain Flashcards

1
Q

In the 19th century what did Broca and Wernicke discover

A

Specific areas of brain

associated with

particular physical & psychological functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Before Broca and Wernicke investigations and the case of Phineas Gage what did scientist support

A

The holistic theory of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the holistic theory of the brain

A

All parts of the brain

involved in

processing of thought and action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did Broca and Wernicke argue for

A

Localisation of function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Localisation of function is also known as

A

Cortical specialisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is localisation of function

A

Idea diff parts of brain , perform diff tasks & are involved with different parts of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

people witjh wernicke’s aphasia often produce

A

nonsense words (neologisms) as part of content of their speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

neologism is

A

newly created word not part of official lang

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two symmetrical halves of the brain called

A

Left and right hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is lateralisation

A

idea some psychological /physical functions

controlled by a particular hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what activity does the right hemisphere contorl

A

activity in teh left hand side of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what activity dose the left hemisphere control

A

activity in the right hand side of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is outer layer of hemispheres called

A

Cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cerebral cortex Is like

A

Tea cosy covering inner parts of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How thick is Cerebral cortex

A

3mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why does Cerebral cortex separate us from other animals

A

Because human cortex much more developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What colour does cortex appear like

A

Grey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why does the cortex appear grey

A

Location of the cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the cortex of both hemispheres subdivided into

A

Four lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cortex of both hemispheres are subdivided into 4 lobes named after

A

bones beneath them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how do we remebr order of the lobes

A

four
people
often
taste

onions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the bones beneath the hemispheres called

A

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe

23
Q

Each lobe beneath the hemispheres have a

A

Different function

24
Q

At the back of both frontal lobe is the

A

Motor area

25
Q

What does the motor area control

A

Voluntary movement in opposite side of the body

26
Q

What can damage in the motor area cause

A

Loss of control over fine movements

27
Q

What is at the front of both parietal lobes

A

somatosensory area

28
Q

the somatosensory area is seprated from the?

A

motor area

29
Q

the somatosensory area and the motor area are seperated by

A

a valley

called : central sulcus

30
Q

what is the somatosensory area

A

area where sensory info from skin represented

(related tot ouch i.e heat )

31
Q

what indicates the senitivity in terms of the somatosensory area

A

the amount of somatosensory area devoted to a particular body part

32
Q

give example of a somatosensory area

A

receptors for our face and hands occupy over half of the somatosensory area

33
Q

where is the occipital lobe

A

back of the brain

34
Q

teh occipital lobe in the back of the brain is the

A

visual area /cortex

35
Q

what do the eyes do in teh visual area

(in terms of sending)

A

each eye sends info from right visual field to left visual cortex

and

from the left visual field to the right visual cortex

36
Q

as for instance

eye passes info from the left visual field to the right visual cortex

what would happen if there was damage to the left hemisphere

A

blindness in the RVF of both eyes

37
Q

the temporal lobes house the

(think tempo)

A

auditory area

38
Q

what does the auditory area do

A

analyses speech based info

39
Q

talk about damage in teh auditory area

may produce….

the more extensive…

A

may produce partial hearing loss

the more exentensive the damage the more extensive the loss

40
Q

what happens if there is damage to a specific area of the temporal lobe - wernicke’s area

A

may affect the ability to comprehend language

41
Q

where is language restricted to in most people

A

left side of the brain

42
Q

what happened in 1880’s with broca (broca’s are)

A

identified small area in left frontal lobe responsible for speech production

43
Q

what happens when there’s damage to broca’s area

A

broca’s aphasia

44
Q

Broca’s asphasia is characterised by

A

speech that’s

-slow
-laborious
-lacking in fluency

people find difficulty with prepositions and conjunctions i.e (a, the , and)

45
Q

Why was Broca’s most famous patient called Tan

A

only thing he could say

46
Q

around same time as broca , wernicke was describing people :

who had no problem

A

producing a lang

but lots difficulties understanding it

so speech fluent but meaningless

47
Q

where and what is wenicke’s area

A

region in left temporal lobe

responsible for language and understanding

48
Q

when wernickes area is damaged it results in

A

wernicke’s aphasia

49
Q

according to loacalisation of function what will happen If certain area of brain becomes damaged
through illness/injury

A

functions associated with that area will also be affected

50
Q

people who have wernickes aphasia will often produce

A

nonsesne words (neologisms)

as part of content of their speech

51
Q

eval points

A

brians scan evidence

coutnerpoitn - challenge from work of lashley

case stuy evidence - phineas gage perosnlaity change

52
Q

eval - brain scan evidence

theres x of supporting evidence for localisation of x function, particularly in x and x

e.g x et al used brain x to demonstrate how wernickes area was active during a x task and brocas area active during a x task - suggest these areas have x functions

simiary a study of x x memory by x revealed x and episodic memory reside in diff aprts of x cortex

such research which is conducted using highly x and x methods to measure x activity provide x x evidence for teh x of brain x

A

theres plenty of supporting evidence for localisation of neurological function, particularly in language and memory

e.g peterson et al used brain scnas to demonstrate how wernickes area was active during a listening task and brocas area active during a reading task - suggest these areas have diff functions

simiary a study of long term memory by tulving revealed semantic and episodic memory reside in diff aprts of prefrontal cortex

such research which is conducted using highly sophisticated and objective methods to measure brain activity provide sound scientific evidence for teh localisation of brain funciton

53
Q

counterpoint - challenge to localisiton theory

a challenge ot localisation theory comes from work of x

lashley removed areas of the x between x% and x% in x that were learning x through a x

no area was proven to be more x than any other area int erms of rats ability to x the route

the x of learning seemed to require x part of the cortex rather than being x to a x area

this suggest x x processes such as x are not localised but x in a more x way int he brian which is a limitaitno as the localistion theory doesnt account for this

A

a challenge ot localisation theory comes from work of lashley

lashley removed areas of the cortex between 10% and 50% in rats that were learning route through a maze

no area was proven to be more important than any other area int erms of rats ability to learn the route

the proces of learning seemed to require every part of the cortex rather than being confied to a articular are a

this suggest highe rcognitive processes such as learnign are not localised but distributed in a more holistic way int he brian

54
Q

case study eveidence

x x support the theory of localisation

he was caugh tin an x whihc resulted in a meter length x being x trhoguh his x and tearing out most of his x lobe

he survived however he became short x, x , x - his x changed cuas ebefore he was very x , x , x

this suggest frontal lobe may be x for x modd which is a strenght as support x of x

A

phineas gage support the theory of localisation

he was caugh tin an explosion whihc resulted in a meter lenght pole being hurled trhoguh hishhead and tearing out most of his frontla loeb

he survived however he became short termpered , rude , agrresive - his pesonlity changed cuas ebefore he was very mild , nice , gentlemen

this suggest frontal lobe may be repsonsible for regulaitng modd which is a strenght as support theory of localisation

Psychology A-level (87 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions