Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CLS 306 > CH.1 & 3 > Flashcards

CH.1 & 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main function of the immune system

A

ID self and non self (pathogens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 2 compartments of the immune system

A

innate immune system and adaptive immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of immune system gets rid of pathogens

A

both innate and adaptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what type of immune system is more specific

A

adaptive immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what makes the adaptive immune system more specific

A

antigen-specific receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 3 parts of an immune system

A
  1. recognize pathogen
  2. an innate response
  3. an adaptive response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

is a specific immune response slower or faster than an innate immune response

A

faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

is a specific immune response larger or smaller than an innate immune response

A

larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

skin, mucous mmb, secretions, normal flora, innate immune cells, inflammation, complement, antimicrobial substances is what type of immunity

A

innate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the 1st line of defense of immunity (5)

A

skin
mucous mmb
secretions
normal flora
tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the 2nd line of defense of immunity (4)

A

innate immune cells,
inflammation,
complement,
antimicrobial substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the 3rd line of defense of immunity (2)

A

B cells
T. cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Specialized lymphocytes are what type of immunity

A

Adaptive immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what type of immunity has an immediate response to a pathogen

A

innate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does innate immunity promote

A

phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Innate immunity is the ability of the host to resist infection by means of _____ ______ body functions

A

normally present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

does a person need prior exposure to a pathogen to have a innate response

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

true or false: innate immunity has no memory

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Since innate immunity has no memory what kind of response does it have all pathogens

A

identical response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

true or false: if an innate response is had with the same exposure the response will be different each time

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are some of the physical barriers of the innate immune system. (5)

A

skin
mucous mmb
sweat
cilia
urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are some of the phagocytic cells of the innate immune system

A

macrophages
neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are some of the protective chem of the innate immune system

A

acidic pH
surface lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are some of the enzymes of the innate immune system

A

saliva
digestive tract enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are some of the serum proteins of the innate immune system

A

complement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the largest external defense mechanism

A

skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

def? a small protein produced by skin cells that has antibacterial effects

A

psoriasin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what chem is in sweat that helps the immune system

A

lactic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what innate immunity does the respiratory tract have (3)

A

cough
mucous secretions
cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what innate immunity does urine have

A

flushing action
acidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what kind of epidermal cell makes skin impermeable to most infectious agents

A

keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what innate immunity does the stomach have

A

gastric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what anatomical barrier prevents a pathogen from entering the body (2)

A

skin
mucosal mmb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

microbiota

A

normal flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what protein is produced in the GI tract to kill bacteria

A

colicins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what kind of innate immune system cell is most effective antigen presenting cell

A

dendritic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what reactants enhances phagocytosis

A

acute phase reactants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

how does the immune system distinguish between good and bad bacteria

A

pathogen recognition receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

when are pathogen recognition receptors able to recognize pathogens

A

after they get through the 1st line of defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what does pathogen recognition receptors bind together

A

pathogen and phagocytic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what common structural element do toll like receptors have

A

leucine rich repeats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

how do pathogen recognition receptors ID self from non self

A

pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what cells are pathogen recognition receptors found most of the time

A

on macrophages and neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what produces acute phase reactants

A

hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what kind of protein increases with infection

A

C-reative protein
SED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what kind of inflammation causes C reactive protein to increase

A

acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what kind of inflammation causes high sensitivity C reactive protein to increase

A

chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

what are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation

A

redness
swelling
heat
pain

49
Q

what are the primary cell involved in acute inflammation

A

Neutrophil

50
Q

how long does neutrophil emigration last for acute inflammation

A

24 to 48 hrs

51
Q

the number of neutrophils are proportional to what in acute inflammation

A

level of chemotactic factors

52
Q

what cell comes after neutrophils in acute inflammation

A

macrophages

53
Q

how long does macrophage migration last in acute inflammation

A

16 to 48 hrs

54
Q

what does chronic inflammation cause

A

tissue damage
loss of function

55
Q

what is the most widely monitored of the acute phase reactants

A

C reactive protein

56
Q

what is the best indicator of acute inflammation

A

C reactive protein

57
Q

what are the 4 main steps of phagocytosis

A
  1. physical contact between white cell and foreign particle
  2. formation of phagosome
  3. fusion with cytoplasmic granules to form a phagolysosome
  4. digestion and release of debris
58
Q

True or False: phagocytosis is non specific

A

T

59
Q

where do resting cells that engage in phagocytosis get their energy

A

anaerobic bacteria

60
Q

what changes NADP to NADPH during phagocytosis

A

HMP shunt

61
Q

def? messengers that attract PMN to site of inflammation

A

chemotaxins

62
Q

what serum proteins attach to a foreign substance for phagocytosis

A

opsonins

63
Q

what kind of cell plays a role in allergic rxns

A

basophils

64
Q

what cells do you find in both innate and adaptive immunity

A

T cell
natural killer T. cell

65
Q

what is the 1st line of defense against virally. infected cells and tumor cells

A

natural killer cells

66
Q

True or false: natural killer cells need prior exposure in order to recognize cells

A

F

67
Q

when does natural killer cells activity peak

A

3 days

68
Q

does a natural killer cell kill a cell if it has class I MHC protein

A

no

69
Q

true or false: tumor and diseased cells do not produce MHC proteins

A

T

70
Q

besides MHC proteins what can NK cells also attach to, to kill a cell

A

antibody

71
Q

what part of the NK cell binds to the antibody

A

CD16 receptor

72
Q

if lymphocytes increase what kind of infection is there

A

viral

73
Q

what are the primary lymphoid organs

A

bone marrow and thymus

74
Q

what kind of lymphocytes are developed in the thymus

A

T cells

75
Q

what kind of lymphocytes are developed in the bone marrow

A

B cell

76
Q

what is one of the largest tissues in the body

A

bone marrow

77
Q

what kind of bone does bone marrow fill

A

long flat bones

78
Q

what primary lymphoid organ develop NK cells

A

bone marrow

79
Q

where in the body is the thymus found

A

thorax

80
Q

what do B lymphocytes produce

A

Ab

81
Q

T or F: T and B lymphocytes do not recirculate to the secondary lymphoid organs

A

F

82
Q

what kind of cell is large and granular

A

NK cell

83
Q

what kind of immunity has NK cells

A

both innate and adaptive

84
Q

what are the secondary lymphoid organs

A

spleen, lymph nodes, cutaneous associated lymphoid tissue, and mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

85
Q

what does the spleen filter

A

Ag in blood

86
Q

what does the lymphatic system filter

A

fluid from the tissues

87
Q

what do you call lymphocytes that have not seen an Ag yet

A

antigen independent

88
Q

where do antigen independent cells get activated

A

secondary lymphoid organs

89
Q

what happens if antigen independent cells do NOT get activated in a few days

A

they die

90
Q

T or F: T lymphocytes start in the bone marrow and then go to the thymus to achieve full maturity

A

T

91
Q

what protein drives T cell maturation

A

chemokines

92
Q

if a T cell has a CD3+ marker what kind of T cell is it

A

mature T cell

93
Q

if a T cell has a CD3+ and CD4+ marker what kind of T cell is it

A

mature helper T cell

94
Q

if a T cell has a CD3+ or CD8+ marker what kind of T cell is it

A

mature cytotoxic T cell

95
Q

what occurs in the secondary lymphoid organs to T and B cells

A

contact with foreign Ag

96
Q

where does lymphopoeisis occur

A

secondary organs

97
Q

what gives rise to memory cells

A

Ag dependent maturation

98
Q

how are lymphocytes segregated in secondary lymphoid organs

A

functions

99
Q

what part of the spleen destroys RBC

A

red pulp

100
Q

how is the germinal center in the spleen stimulated

A

Ag

101
Q

once a primary follicle is activated what is it called

A

germinal center

102
Q

what lymphoid tissue is around the arterioles in the spleen

A

white pulp

103
Q

what traps Ag in white pulp

A

dendritic cells

104
Q

what controls the circulation of lymphatic fluid

A

cytokines

105
Q

what is in the outer most layer of lymph nodes that help capture Ag

A

follicular dendritic cells

106
Q

Fluid from what part of the body is drained in the right lymphatic duct

A

right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax

107
Q

Fluid from what part of the body is drained in the thoracic duct

A

everywhere except right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax

108
Q

what makes the sinus a good place for phagocytosis

A

it is lined with macrophages

109
Q

where do lymphocytes and any foreign Ag enter the lymph nodes

A

afferent lymphatic vessels

110
Q

what do germinal centers form after they are activated

A

plasma cells and memory cells

111
Q

Besides the afferent lymphatic vessel where can lymphocytes enter the the lymph nodes

A

bloodstream

112
Q

where does fluid and lymphocytes exit the lymph nodes

A

efferent lymph vessels

113
Q

where in the lymph node do T cells concentrate

A

paracortical area

114
Q

where are B cells found in the lymph node

A

primary follicle and germinal center

115
Q

where can blood borne lymphocytes enter the lymph node parenchyma

A

high endothelial venules

116
Q

what kind of lymphoid tissue are tonsils and appendix

A

secondary

117
Q

where in the body do you find MALT

A

gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tract

118
Q

what kind of lyphoid tissue are peyer’s patches

A

MALT

119
Q

where do you find Peyer’s patches

A

lower ileum

CLS 306 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions