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CLS 306 > CH.2 > Flashcards

CH.2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are immunogens

A

antigens

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2
Q

do older individuals have an increased or decreased immune response

A

decreased

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3
Q

what is a disadvantage of neonates immune response

A

they are not fully developed

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4
Q

what do malnutrition, fatigue, and stress effect in the body

A

immune response

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5
Q

true or false: depending on how the Ag gets into the body determines the amount of immune response

A

T

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6
Q

The ____ the amount of Ag exposed, the greater the immune response

A

larger

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7
Q

what happens if there is very large dose of Ag

A

tolerance

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8
Q

what kind of molecules are Ag

A

macromolecules

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9
Q

if Ag trigger Antibodies or sensitized T cells what kind of immune response will be triggered

A

adaptive

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10
Q

what makes an antigen more successful

A

more taxonomically different

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11
Q

are proteins/aa or carbohydrates less immunogenetic

A

carbohydrates

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12
Q

what kind of protein structure makes a better Ag

A

quaternary structure

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13
Q

what do Ag interact with

A

Ab or sensitized T cells

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14
Q

def? a small part of the antigen that is recognized in a immune response

A

epitope

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15
Q

what cells recognize epitopes

A

B or T. lymphocytes

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16
Q

T or F: molecules can not have more than 1 epitope

A

F

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17
Q

what shape are linear epitopes

A

sequential

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18
Q

what binds to an epitope

A

Ab or T cell

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19
Q

what are epitopes components of

A

cell wall

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20
Q

what is triggered if cross linking surface Ag molecules occurs

A

B cell activation

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21
Q

T or F: B cells can recognize any structure if the Ag if it is a protein

A

T

22
Q

what occurs when Ab molecules crosslink

A

agglutination

23
Q

what has to happen in order for a T cell to recognize an Ag

A

it must be broken down into small peptides

24
Q

what breaks down Ag into small peptides

A

antigen presenting cell

25
Q

what do haptens have to be combined with to create an immune response

A

carrier molecule

26
Q

when can a hapten create an immune response if at all

A

once Ab production is initiated

27
Q

when does a hapten create an agglutination reaction

A

when they are bound to carrier molecules

28
Q

what causes hapten and carrier molecules to make an agglutination rxn

A

lattice formation

29
Q

def? substance administered with an immunogenicity to increase the immune response

A

adjuvant

30
Q

how do adjuvants increase the immune response

A

attracts a large number of immune system cells to the injection site

31
Q

how do target antigen presenting cells (APC) reduce the need for booster shots

A

they. keep the Ag from degradation

32
Q

what are the only adjuvants approved for clinical use in the US

A

aluminum salts

33
Q

adjuvants _____ the effective size of the Ag and by ____ the # of macrophages

A

increasing, increasing

34
Q

what kind of Ag are ones that belong to the host

A

autoantigens

35
Q

T or F: autoantigens do not evoke an immune response

A

T

36
Q

what kind of Ag are ones that are from other members of the host’s species

A

alloantigens

37
Q

what kind of Ag are ones that are from other species other than the host

A

heteroantigens

38
Q

what kind of Ag are ones that cross react with another

A

heterophile

39
Q

what is the main function of MHC

A

bring Ag to the cell surface for recognition

40
Q

what recognizes Ag on cell surfaces

A

T Cells

41
Q

what is the MCH protein in humans

A

HLA

42
Q

T or F: all nucleated cells have MHC

A

T

43
Q

T or F: everybody has the same MHC molecules

A

F

44
Q

what plays a pivotal role in human survivial

A

different forms of MHC

45
Q

what chromosome are genes coding for the MHC molecules in humans

A

6

46
Q

what genes on chromosome 6 are involved in Ag recognition

A

Class I and II

47
Q

why. is there a possibility of 2 different alleles for gene 6

A

inherit one from mom and one from dad

48
Q

def? MHC genes are closely linked

A

haplotype

49
Q

what kind of testing can you use the polymorphism of MHC

A

organ donation and paternity testing

50
Q

Class I MHC molecules are expressed highest on ___

A

lymphocytes

51
Q

function of TAP 1 and TAP2

A

transport peptides from cytoplasm to the ER

52
Q

function of invariant chain

A

makes sure only Ag binds

CLS 306 (19 decks)

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