Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is a carbohydrate composed of?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what is the usual ration between the C H O
usually a 1:2:1 ratio meaning double hydrogen
are are carbs polar?
if so why?
All carbohydrates are polar and the low-molecular forms are what we commonly know as sugars
containing several –OH functional groups, which makes them hydrophilic
due to polar groups of hydroxyl, aldehydes and ketones
What carb can be used for cellular respiration with little change to molecular structure
Monosaccharides
of Carbon atoms in Monosaccharides
3-7
6 hexose
what do you call a carbon with 6 Carbons
hexose
Glucose and fructose are what?
simple sugars or monosaccharides. Your body can absorb them more easily than the disaccharide sucrose, which must be broken down first.
what is an isomer
Molecules that have the same # of atoms but diff structure resulting in diff properties/characteristics
what monosaccharide is responsible for the ATP energy in living organisms
Glucose
Ribose and Deoxribose
five carbon sugars (pentoses) that contribute to the backbones of RNA and DNA, RNA = ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells.
groups of Disaccharides
Lactose
Maltose
Surcrose
What is Condensation reaction/ dehydration
what does it produce
what does it absorb
a bond that creates a covalent bond between two molecules
involves the removal of hydrogen from one and the removal of hydroxyl from the other.
produces H20
absorbs energy
linking monosaccharides is a ______ reaction that requires _____ energy
anabolic
ATP
what is a anabolic reaction
Anabolic reactions use energy to build complex molecules from simpler organic compounds (e.g., proteins from amino acids, carbohydrates from sugars, fats from fatty acids and glycerol)
Groups of polysaccharides
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
