HARDY WEINBERGE PRINCIPLE Flashcards
Where are genes located in DNA molecules
loci - specific position on DNA Molecules of chromosomes
what is diploid
having 2 sets of chromosomes which most organisms do!
are all chromosomes homologous pairs? if so what are the only ones that arent
yes they are, sex chromosomes
what is an example of an individual with two identical copies of allele and different alleles
ex BB or bb (homozygous)
Bb or bB(heterozygous)
how are the dominant forms of alleles expressed
as capital letters ex) B
what determines an organisms genotype
the combination of alleles at a specific loci
what are phenotypes
the observable traits of an organism that results from interaction of the genotypes and the environment
(i.e. dark wings)
what conditions must be met for no change in allele frequency over time
large population
equal mating opportunities
no mutations occur
no migrations occurs
no natural selection
what is the formula for a gene with only two alleles
P^2 + 2PQ + Q^2 = 1
p = frequency of dominant allele
q = frequency of recessive allele
what are 5 factors from the HARDY WEINBERG principle that can cause evolution
1) When a population is small, chance fluctuations can cause changes in allele frequencies
2. When mating opportunities are not random, preferred individuals will pass on their alleles in greater numbers
3. When genetic mutations occur, new alleles are created, changing the frequency of new and original alleles
4. When individuals migrate, they remove alleles from one population and add alleles to another
5. When natural selection occurs, individuals with greater success pass on their alleles in greater numbers
Genetic drift
where does it occur
what can it lead to
what may a population may face or experience
what can this lead to and what is this thing called
what happens as the new popoulation grows
Genetic Drift a change in the genetic makeup of a population resulting from chance
occurs in small populations
genetic drift can lead to fixation of alleles, increasing the incidence of
homozygous recessive individuals and reducing genetic diversity
a population may experience a bottleneck effect drastically reduced
species numbers which results in a very small sample of alleles surviving to
establish a new population
this can result in a founder effect where the frequency of alleles will differ
from the original population
as the new population grows, the allele frequencies may deviate further from
the original population
The hardy weinberg principle is …..
a method to quantify a gene pool by measuring the frequency
Genetic drift is ?
Genetic Drift a change in the genetic makeup of a population resulting from chance
what is the bottle neck effect(apart of genetic drift)
drastically reduced
species numbers which results in a very small sample of alleles surviving to
establish a new population
what the founder effect (apart of genetic drift)
this can result in a founder effect where the frequency of alleles will differ from the original population
