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ICHS sophmore gernal flashcards > Reviw sheet: Chpt 2 Part 1 > Flashcards

Reviw sheet: Chpt 2 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the central science

A

chemistry

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2
Q

what is matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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3
Q

What are the 4 states of matter

A

Solid
liquid
gas
plasma

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4
Q

What determines the state of matter its going to be in

A

the amount of energy in the molecules of matter

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5
Q

What is a nucleus of an atom made of

A

neutrons and protons

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6
Q

were is a nucleus found

A

middle of a cell

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7
Q

What is the difference btwn an element and an atom

A

the atom is part of the element
the element is this own substance

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8
Q

what charge do protons have

A

Positive charge

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9
Q

What charge do neutrons have

A

No charge

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10
Q

what charge do electrons have

A

Negative charge

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11
Q

What subatomic particle determines what element you have

A

protons

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12
Q

What subatomic particle orbits the nucleus

A

electrons

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13
Q

What holds an atom together

A

electromagnetic forces

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14
Q

What changes in an atom in a chemical reaction

A

the atoms rearrange and make new bonds

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15
Q

What changes in an atom with a nuclear reaction

A

changes the nucleus of the atom

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16
Q

What elements are living things mostly made of

A

oxygen
carbon
hydrongen
nitrogen
calcium

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17
Q

What is an ionic bond

A

chemical boding that results from the electrical attraction between a positive and negative sarge

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18
Q

Why do elements bond

A

so they can reach the most stable state possible

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19
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

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20
Q

How many electrons do atoms want in their outer shell?

A

so they don’t have give up or gain eletrons

21
Q

What is an ion

A

a charged atom

22
Q

What type of bonds can covalent bonds have

A

polar and nonpolar

23
Q

Which are the strongest type of bond

A

1 single 3 strongest 1 weakest
2 double
3 triple

24
Q

what is a compound

A

a substance made of 2 or more elements

25
Q

what is evidence of a chemical change

A

bubbles
gives off light
change is color
forms a precipitate

26
Q

are phase changes a physical or chemical change

A

physical

27
Q

what is energy

A

the ability to do work

28
Q

What are 2 kinds of energy?

A

kinetic energy & potential energy

29
Q

what are there the characteristics of kinetic energy and potential energy

A

kinetic energy is in motion
potential energy is stored

30
Q

what are the laws of thermondynamics

A

Energy is can’t be created or destroyed

When energy is used some is lost

31
Q

what happens to energy if more heat is given to it

A

it becomes more active

32
Q

What is absolute zero

A

lowest temperature possible

33
Q

what happens to particle movement in absolute zero

A

no more movement

34
Q

What is the difference btwn exothermic and endothermic reactions?

A

exothermic gives off heat
endothermic absorbs heat

35
Q

what is a catalyst

A

a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

36
Q

what is the difference a solute and solvent

A

solute - A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
solvent - A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

37
Q

what is a concentration?

A

the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance

38
Q

what does it mean that water is polar

A

it has a positive side and a negative side

39
Q

What types of bonds do water molecules form btwn each other

A

H-bonds

40
Q

what is the difference btwn adhesion and cohesion

A

adhesion - An attraction between molecules of different substances

cohesion - Attraction between molecules of the same substance

41
Q

what does it mean that water has a high specific heat?

A

it takes more energy to heat up water than other substances

42
Q

How does water-specific heat allow to take place on earth and in human body

A

it regulates the temperature of both things

43
Q

what is acid

A

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

44
Q

what numbers is acid on the PH scale

A

0 - 6.99

45
Q

how do you make acid

A

you increase the H+

46
Q

what is a base

A

A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

47
Q

what numbers are a base on the Ph scale

A

7.01 – 14

48
Q

What is a neutral substance on the PH scale

A

7

ICHS sophmore gernal flashcards (48 decks)

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