Chp 3 -review sheet flash cards

Question 1

1 What is cytology

Answer 1

the study of cells

Question 2

2 why is Robert Hooke important

Answer 2

he coined the word cell

Question 3

3. Why are Matthias scheilden, theodor schwann and zacharias jassen important

Answer 3

1. (scheilden) plants are made of cells
2. (schwann) animal are made of cell
3. (jassen) invented the compound microscope

Question 4

4. why is Leeuenwenhooke important

Answer 4

father of microscopy, made lense that improved use
first to find a microscopic organisms

Question 5

5. what did rubalf virchow say

Answer 5

cells come from preexisting cells

Question 6

6. what are the 3 principles of the cell theory

Answer 6

1. all organisms are made of 1 or more cells
2. cells are the buildings blocks of life
3. all cells some existing cells

Question 7

7. what is the difference btwn unicellular and multicellular

Answer 7

unicellular - one cell (bacteria)
multicellar - many cells ( animals, plants humans)

Question 8

8. what is colonial orgasms

Answer 8

similar cells working together

Question 9

9. what is the differnce btwn tissure organ and organ system

Answer 9

tissue - similar cells working together
organ - similar tissue working together
organ system - organs working together

Question 10

10. difference btwn eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Answer 10

eukaryotic - membrane around the nucleus (anything but bacteria)
prokaryotic -no membrane around the nucleus (bacteria)

Question 11

What are the 2 names of the cell membrane

Answer 11

1. screen door
2. plasma membrane

Question 12

were is the cell membrane found

Answer 12

on the cell wall

Question 13

difference btwn hydrophilic and hydrophilic
what parts are they on the cell membrane

Answer 13

hydrophilic- (heads) loves water
hydrophilic - ( tails) hates water

Question 14

What structure on the cell membrane allows things to pass through it?

Answer 14

phospholipid bilayer

Question 15

how does signal transmission across a membrane happen?

Answer 15

receptor protein recieves signal molecules (ligands) that cause a response in the cell

Question 16

Where are cell walls found?
what do they do?
What is it made of?

Answer 16

the outermost layer of the plant cell
they protect the cell
they are made of cellulose

Question 17

Difference btwn the primary and secondary wall

Answer 17

primary - made when the cell is developing
secondary - produced when the cell is mature ( more cellulose)

Question 18

What does cytoplasm do?
How does it look?
How does it differ from cytosol?

Answer 18

cytoplasm keeps the cells in place
it looks like jelly, or a liquid
cytosol is the liquid of cytoplasm

Question 19

what do the mitochondria do?
whats the nickname?
How many membranes does it have

Answer 19

it makes ATP / energy
powerhouse of cell
2 membranes

Question 20

what are cristae
what is there purpose

Answer 20

the folds in the inner membrane
to increase surface area

Question 21

What are the 3 organelles where DNA can be found
( 1 in plants and 2 in animals cells)

Answer 21

Plants: chloroplasts
Animals: mitochondria, Nuclues

Question 22

How many mitochondria can be found in a cell

Answer 22

Numerous to few in a cell
(depends on how active you are)

Question 23

What do ribosomes do
what are they made of?

Answer 23

ribosomes make protien
there made of protein and RNA

Question 24

Where are ribosomes found

Answer 24

there found in the RER and flouting around in the cell

Question 25

what are 2 kinds of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 25

(Rough ) RER - has ribosomes
(Smooth) SER - detoxifies and produces lipids (no ribosomes)

Question 26

what is the purpose of the golgie
how does it work

Answer 26

process, sort, and deliver proteins and lipids

it works by sacs being pinched off and put in vesicles and shipped to somewhere else

Question 27

Nickname of lysooms
what do they do

Answer 27

Nickname: garbage man
they get rid of waste in the cell, ( by using digestive enzymes)

Question 28

what is the cytoskeleton
what is it made of
what is the purpose of each one

Answer 28

the framework of the cell
its made of:
microtubules - give shape, act as a rail track
intermediate filaments - add strength
microfiliments - smallest diameter & help cell division

Question 29

How are cilia and flagella the same?
How are they different

Answer 29

They have the same cause they both move the cell

Cilia - This covers the cell, like little whiskers to push around the cell
Flagella - has a long extension to move around

Question 30

what are chloroplasts

Answer 30

chloroplast organically used to change light into energy

Question 31

What is the difference btwn thylakoids and grana

Answer 31

thylakoids are flattened sacs
grana are stacked thylakoinds

Question 32

what is chlorophyll

Answer 32

the pigment of chloraplasts
makes plants green

Question 33

what is stroma

Answer 33

fluid that surrounds thylakoids

Question 34

what is the purpose of vacuoles and vesicles

Answer 34

vacuoles - holds water, food, waste, or other stuff (closet)
vesicles - more mobile then vacuoles; madeby golger and ER (bookbage)

Question 35

(short answer question) what is turgor pressure
how does it work

Answer 35

water pressure in a cell
it pushes the cell membrane against the cell wall

Question 36

what are centrioles used for

Answer 36

produce spindle fibers for cell division cylindrical shared

Question 37

what are considered the control center

Answer 37

nucleus

Question 38

where does DNA come from

Answer 38

nucleus

Question 39

decribe the nuclear envolope

Answer 39

double membrane around the nucleus
nuclear pores opening in the envelope

Question 40

what is homeostasis

Answer 40

keeping steady condition, constantly collects info

Question 41

what is the nucleolus

Answer 41

center of the nucleus
contains RNA and starts making protein

Question 42

diff btwn isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic

Answer 42

isotonic - concentration of water is same inside and outside of the cell
hypertonic - lower concentration inside the outside
hypotonic - higher concentration inside the outside

Question 43

What is passivetransport ?
what are 2 exaplmes
what are three things effect the speed of transport.

Answer 43

transport that doesn’t use energy
diffusion and osmosis
3 things:
size
shape
electrical charges

Question 44

what is active transportation
how do carrier proteins fit into this

Answer 44

transport that needs energy (against the gradient)
carrier proteins - allow only certain things tp pass through. Na+k+

Question 45

diff btwn exocytosis and endocytosis

Answer 45

exocytosis - exiting the cell
endocytosis - into the cell
( both are active trans port

Question 46

diff btwn phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Answer 46

phagocytosis - one cell ingesting another
pinocytosis - moves fluids

Question 47

explain the soduim - potassuim pump (Na+K+) pump

Answer 47

(low to high)
for every ATP molecule, the pump uses 3 sodium ions are exported and 2 potassium ions are imported
AGAINST THE GRADIENT